CBT Flashcards
Behavioral therapy
Developed by B. F. Skinner and Joseph Wolpe
Other contributors: Ivan Pavlov, Gerald Patterson, Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, Donald Baucom, Norman Epstein, Frank Dattilio
Joseph Wolpe
Introduced “systematic desensitization” for phobias in 1948.
Operant Conditioning
Introduced by B. F. Skinner. Behavior is regulated by its consequences. Responses that are “positively reinforced” will increase. Responses that are punished or ignored will be “extinguished”.
Shaping
Skills taught in sequence
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Inspired by Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. Cognitions, emotions, and behaviors are seen as exerting mutual influence on one another, so that cognitive inference can evoke emotional and behavioral change. Uncovering hidden assumptions that keep people stuck.
Theory of social exchange
People strive to maximize reward and minimize punishments in relationships.
Schemas
Core beliefs (generally unconscious) that shape our interpretations of the world.
Arbitrary inference
Distorted conclusions shaped by our schemas. Can lead to automatic negative thoughts.
Functional analysis of behavior
In operant behavior therapy, a study of a particular behavior, what elicits it, and what reinforces it
A-B-C theory
(a) family members blame their problems on certain events in the family (b) and are taught to look for irrational beliefs, (c) which are then challenged
behaviorism
behavior is maintained by its consequences
schemas
core beliefs
normal family functioning
giving and getting are balances; under positive reinforcement control, members describe their own feelings and request changes in behavior
Arbitrary inference
conclusions are drawn in the absence of supporting evidence
selective abstraction
certain details are highlighted while other important information is ignored
overgeneralization
isolated incidents are taken as genera patterns
magnification and minimization
the significance of events is unrealistically magnified or diminished
personalization
events are arbitrarily interpreted in reference to oneself
dichotomous thinking
experiences are interpreted as all good or all bad
labeling and mislabeling
behavior is attributed to undesirable personality traits
mind reading
this is the magical gift of knowing what other people are thinking without the aid of verbal communication
the general intent of CBT
to extinguish undesired behavior and reinforce positive alternatives
token economy
use points to reward children for good behavior
contingency contracting
involves agreements by parents to make certain changes following changes made by children
contingency management
consists of giving and taking away rewards based on children’s behavior
time-out
a punishment where children are made to sit in the corner or sent to their rooms
Assessment model for Behavior Parent Training
SORKC model: Stimulus, state of the organism, target response, and contingency of consequences
Behavioral Couples Therapy strategies (5)
- Couples are taught to express themselves in clear, behavioral descriptions, rather than in vague complaints
- Couples are taught new behavior exchange procedures, emphasizing positive control in place of adverse control
- Couples are helped to improve their communication
- Couples are encouraged to establish clear and effective means of sharing power and making decisions
- Couples are taught strategies for solving future problems as a means to maintain and extend gains initiated in therapy
goals of a cognitive-behavioral assessment
- identify strengths and problems in individuals, couples, or families, and the environment
- place individual and family functioning in the context of developmental stages
- identify cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of family interaction that might be targeted for intervention
role of the therapist
coach/teacher
