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A Level Psychology - Approaches > Psychodynamic > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Flashcards

1
Q

Who created the Psychodynamic approach?

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

What theory did Freud create?

A

Theory of the Unconscious

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3
Q

What is the Theory of the Unconscious?

A
  • unconscious wishes & desires cannot be accessed directly but they unconsciously influence our decision making & motivations
  • we repress these unconscious thoughts & use energy to do so & protect our conscious
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4
Q

According to Freud, what 3 components make up our personality (psyche)?

A
  1. ID
  2. EGO
  3. SUPEREGO
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5
Q

What is the ‘ID’? WHen is the ID formed?

A
  • pleasure principle - represents our desires & wishes, especially our biological & sexual urges
  • birth -> 18 months
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6
Q

What is the ‘EGO’?

A
  • represents the reality principle, which is part of our personality that makes decisions based on demands of ‘ID’ & restrictions from ‘SUPEREGO’
  • releases the defence mechanisms
  • formed from 18 mnths -> 3 yrs
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7
Q

What is the ‘SUPEREGO’?

A
  • represents moral principles & ideas of what we ought to be like
  • learnt from our upbringing & go against our ‘ID’s desires
  • formed from 3-6 yrs
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8
Q

In a healthy psyche, which component is in charge?

A

EGO

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9
Q

What did Freud believe most of the influences on behaviour come from?

A

unconscious mind

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10
Q

What did Freud argue about how the Psychosexual stages affect behaviour?

A

conflicts that arise during the psychosexual can affect later behaviour

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11
Q

What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development?

A
  1. oral stage
  2. anal stage
  3. phallic stage
  4. latency stage
  5. genital stage
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12
Q

What can help control conflict caused by events during the psychosexual stages?

A

defence mechanisms

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13
Q

What are the 3 defence mechanisms?

A
  1. repression
  2. denial
  3. displacement
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14
Q

What is repression?

A

forgetting an unpleasant memory or strong emotion associated with it

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15
Q

What is denial?

A

refusal to admit an unpleasant fact

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16
Q

What is displacement?

A

shifting an emotion directed at one person towards another object/partner

17
Q

What are 4 strengths of the psychodynamic approach?

A
  1. psychological factors
  2. importance of childhood
  3. importance of the unconscious
  4. influential theory
18
Q

Why is psychological factors a strength fo the psychodynamic approach?

A

Freud was the first to emphasise the importance of psychological factors causing abnormal behaviour

19
Q

Why is importance of childhood a strength of the psychodynamic approach?

A

most psychologists accept that childhood is important in determining adult behaviour

20
Q

Why is importance of unconscious a strength of the psychodynamic approach?

A

many people agree that the unconscious does affect behaviour

21
Q

Why is influential theory a strength of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Freud remains best known psychologist & his ideas have been represented in various media & his terminology adopted in everyday language

22
Q

Why is problems validating theory a limitation of the psychodynamic approach?

A

impossible to scientifically test model

23
Q

Why is poor methodology a limitation of the psychodynamic approach?

A

dominant use of case studies in psychodynamic therapy is unscientific, subjective & biased

24
Q

Why is over-emphasis on sexual factors a limitation of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Freud believed sexual factors were a major cause of abnormal behaviour but nowadays we recognise other factors like social relatioships as important

25
Q

Why is blame of parents a limitation of the psychodynamic approach?

A

good for individual but damaging for parent

26
Q

Why is andocentric a limitation of the psychodynamic approach?

A

sees men as ‘normal’ & women as wanting to be men eg. penis envy

A Level Psychology - Approaches (7 decks)

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