Psychoanalysis Flashcards
___ (Sigmund) Freud was born either on ___ or ___, ___, in ___, ___, which is now part of the Czech Republic
Sigismund;
March 6 or May 6, 1856;
Freiberg, Moravia
Sigmund was the ___ (order) of ___ (number of children) children of ___ and ___ Freud.
first;
seven;
Amalia;
Jacob
Sigmund was well versed in languages, learning not only the classical languages—___, ___ and ___—but also ___, ____, ____, and ___, and he read ___ at the age of ___.
Greek, Latin and Hebrew;
English, French, Italian and Spanish;
Shakespeare;
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Sigmund attended the ___ (a secondary school) from 1866 to 1873, graduating summa cum laude.
Sperlgymnasium
In the winter of ___, Freud began his medical studies at the ___ and finished his degree 8 years later.
1873;
University of Vienna
Freud married ___ in 1886. During their 53 years of marriage, they had ___ children, the youngest of whom, ___, was to become a well-known child analyst, making significant contributions to the development of psychoanalysis.
Martha Berneys;
six;
Anna
Even when he was a ___ (Sigmund’s job by title), Sigmund never intended to practice general medicine. He was rather intensely curious about human nature.
Physician
Reminder:
The concepts of Freudian psychoanalytical theory provide a basic frame of reference for understanding not only his work but also that of other psychoanalytic theorists.
Okay.
Drives and Instincts:
___ includes breathing, eating, drinking, and excreting.
Self-preservative Drives
Drives and Instincts:
___ are inclined to sexuality.
Species-preservative Drives
Drive and Instincts:
___/___/___ are associate with all life instincts and included the general goal of seeking to gain pleasure and avoid pain.
Sex;
Libido;
Eros
Drives and Instincts:
___/___ or ___ are accounted for aggressive drives. These include ___ desires to hurt others or oneself.
Aggression;
Death instinct;
Thanatos
Drives and Instincts:
___ provide a more acceptable outlet for physical aggressive expression.
Sports
There are ___ levels of consciousness, namely: ___, ___, and ___.
Three;
Conscious;
Preconscious;
Unconscious
___ level of mental life are sensations and experiences that the person is aware of at any point in time.
Conscious
___ level of mental life plays a relatively minor role in psychoanalytic theory.
Conscious
___ level of mental life is the only level that is directly available to us.
Conscious
Ideas can reach consciousness from two different directions, namely: ___ and ___.
Perceptual Conscious System;
Preconscious and Unconscious
Levels of Consciousness
___ gives what we perceive through senses.
Perceptual Conscious System
Levels of Consciousness
___ are nonthreatening ideas only and well disguised images.
Preconscious and Unconscious
___ are memories of events and experiences that can easily be retrieved with litter effort.
Preconscious
The contents of preconscious come from two sources: ___ and ___.
Conscious Perception and Unconscious
Levels of Consciousness:
___ is defined as what a person perceives is conscious for only a transitory period. Example: Seeing people on a street
Conscious Perception
Levels of Consciousness: ___ is where ideas can slip past the vigilant censor and enter into the preconscious.
Unconscious
___ is the container for memories and emotions that are threatening to the conscious mind and must be pushed away.
Unconscious
The ___ contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness but that nevertheless motivate most of our words, feelings, and actions.
Unconscious
___ processes often enter into consciousness but only after being disguised or distorted enough to elude censorship.
Unconscious
Unconscious images first must be sufficiently disguised to slip past the ___ and a ___.
Primary Censor;
Final Censor
By the time these memories enter our conscious mind, we no longer recognize unconscious images as threatening or for what they are; instead, we see them as relatively ___, ___ experiences.
Pleasant;
Nonthreatening
Levels of Consciousness:
___ is a portion of our unconscious which originates from the experiences of our early ancestors.
Phylogenetic Endowment
Bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness is a major therapeutic task. This can be brought into awareness by: ___, ___, and ___.
Dream Interpretation;
Slips of the Tongue;
Forgetting
The three provinces of the mind are: ___, ___ and ___.
Id;
Ego;
Superego
___ represents unchecked biological forces.
Id
At birth, the infant is all ___.
Id
Id are inherited and physiological forces, such ___, ___, and ___ which drive the infant.
Hunger;
thirst;
elimination
___ is the pleasure principle which seeks to find pleasure and avoid pain.
Id
___ is the rational being that mediates between the two and deals with reality.
Ego
The __ must mediate between the world around the infant and the instincts or drives within the infant.
Ego
By waiting or suspending the pleasure principle, the ___ follows the reality principle.
Ego
___ is the voice of social conscience.
Superego
The ___ represents parental values and, more broadly, society’s standards.
Superego
The superego exists in two ways: ___ and ___.
Ego ideal;
Conscience
___ represents behaviors that parents approve of. It incorporates the parents’ values.
Ego Ideal
___ refers to behaviors disapproved of by parents.
Conscience
The individual develops a ___ or ___ to determine whether actions are good or bad.
Moral Code;
Sense of values
When conflicts among the id, ego, and superego develop, ___ is likely to arise.
Anxiety
When the id has too much control, individuals may become ___, ___, or ___.
Impulsive;
Indulgent;
Destructive
When the superego is too strong, individuals set ___ or ___ standards (superego) for themselves and thus develop a sense of ___ or ___.
Unrealistically high moral;
perfectionistic;
incompetence;
failure
When the ___ senses anxiety, it is a sign that danger is imminent and something must be done.
Ego
There are three types of anxiety, namely: ___, ___, and ___.
Reality;
Neurotic;
Moral
___ anxiety is the anxiety that is appropriate to the situation.
Reality
___ anxiety occurs when individuals are afraid that they will not be able to control their feelings or instincts and will do something for which they will be punished by parents or other authority figures.
Neurotic
___ anxiety is when people are afraid they will violate parental or societal standards.
Moral
To cope with anxiety, the ___ must have a means of dealing with situations. To achieve this, the ego has developed ___.
Ego;
Defense Mechanisms
___ deny or distort reality.
Defense Mechanisms
When ego defense mechanisms are used ___, the serve an adaptive value in reducing stress.
Infrequently
When ego defense mechanisms are used ___, this use becomes pathological and individuals develop a style of avoiding reality.
Frequently
___ serves to remove painful thoughts, memories, or feelings from conscious awareness by excluding experiences or unacceptable impulses.
Repression
___ translates to “kinakalimutan”.
Repression
___ is a way of distorting or not acknowledging what an individual thinks, feels, or sees.
Denial
___ is a way of avoiding an unacceptable impulse which is to act in the opposite extreme.
Reaction Formation
___ is described in this statement: “By acting in a way that is opposite to disturbing desires, individuals do not have to deal with the resulting anxiety.”
Reaction Formation
Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to others is the basis of ___.
Projection
___ is being described in this statement: “When anxious, individuals can place their feelings not on an object or person who may be dangerous but on those who may be safe.”
Displacement
___ is the modification of a drive (usually sexual or aggressive) into acceptable social behavior.
Sublimation
___ is described in this statement: “To explain away a poor performance, a failure, or a loss, people make excuses to lessen their anxiety and soften the disappointment.”
Rationalization
___ is to revert to a previous state of development.
Regression
___ is described in this statement: “Faced with stress, individuals may use previously appropriate but now immature behaviours.”
Regression
___ is described in this statement: “Taking on the characteristics of others, people can reduce their anxiety as well as other negative feelings.”
Identificaion
__ is described in this statement: “Emotional issues are not dealt with directly but rather are handled indirectly through abstract thought.”
Intellectualization
There are two psychoanalytical approaches to treatment: ___ and ___.
Value of Insights into unconscious motivations;
Concentrate on understanding unconscious material
___ and ___ are designed to bring about changes in a person’s personality and character structure
Psychoanalysis;
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
___ is achieved through analysis of childhood experiences that are ___, ___, and ___.
Self-understanding;
Reconstructed, interpreted;
Analyzed
Uncovering unconscious material through ___ or other methods.
Dream Interpretation
Patients should be more ___ at resolving unconscious conflicts within themselves.
Adept
Patients should know themselves better and feel more ___ or ___ as a result of understanding their own reactions to other people.
Authentic;
Real
Patients should be able to distinguish their own ___ from events that have taken place.
View of Reality
In assessment, some psychoanalysts may use ___, ___, and ___.
Family and social history;
Trial analysis;
Projective tests
___ happens 2 to 5 times a week.
Psychoanalysis
___ happens 1 to 3 times a week.
Psychoanalytic Therapy
___ happens once a week.
Psychoanalytic Counseling
___ uses free association.
Psychoanalysis
The therapist speaks less in ___.
Psychoanalysis
In ___, the therapist offers occasional clarification and interpretation.
Psychoanalytic Terap
___ emphasizes the working alliance between client and counselor as they explore problems.
Psychoanalytic Counseling
___ make use of suggestion, support,
empathy, questions, and confrontation of resistance, as
well as insight-oriented interventions in the form of clarification and interpretation.
Psychoanalytic Therapy and Psychoanalytic Counseling
All examine how relationships and/or motivations before the age of ___ affect current functioning in children, adolescents, and adults
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All therapies has the goal to help patients gain insight into current behaviors and issues and thus enable them to change behaviors, feelings, and cognitions by becoming aware of ___ affecting the current functioning.
Unconscious Material
___ is to relate everything of which they are aware, unconscious material arises for the analyst to examine.
Free Association
The content of ___ may be bodily sensations, feelings, fantasies, thoughts, memories, recent events, and the analyst.
Free Association
Having the patient ___ rather that sit in a chair is likely to produce more free-flowing associations.
Lie on a couch
___ is being described in this statement: “The analyst wants the patient to be able to free-associate to materials that are affected as little as possible by aspects of the analyst that are extraneous to the patient.”
Neutrality and Empathy
By understanding the patient’s feelings and encouraging free association rather than responding directly to the patient’s feelings, the analyst allows a ___ (feelings about the analyst) to develop.
Transference Relationship
During the course of analysis or therapy, patients may ___ the analytical process, usually unconsciously
Resist
Listening for ___ is extremely important. The decision as to when to interpret the resistance depends on the context of the situation.
Resistance
Material that arises from ___, ___, ___, or ___ must be interpreted to the patient.
Free association,
slips of the tongue, symptoms,
or transference
___ is a significant consideration in interpretation.
The patient’s readiness to accept the material and incorporate it into his own view of himself
___ is described in this statement: The relationship between patient and analyst is a crucial aspect of psychoanalytic treatment.
Transference
___ refers to the emotional reactions, biases, or perceptions that a therapist may have towards a client, influenced by the therapist’s own personal experiences, unconscious feelings, or issues.
Countertransference
___ is being described in this statement: “Therapists and analysts who follow a relational approach will go beyond the interpretation of countertransference. They are likely to look for issues that affect the therapeutic work.
Relational Response
