psychoactive plants

Question 1

affect functioning of nerve and brain cells

Answer 1

neurotoxins

Question 2

kill cells, selectively or generally

Answer 2

Cytotoxins

Question 3

attacks organs

Answer 3

organotoxins

Answer 4

plants benefit from producing secondary compounds that are toxic to potential herbivores

Question 5

Any biologically produced chemical that does harm to the body; poison

Answer 5

Toxin

Question 6

Human produced “toxins”

Answer 6

Toxicants

Question 7

Phytotoxin, Mycotoxin, and Microbial toxin

Answer 7

Biotoxins

Question 8

Toxin produced by a plant

Answer 8

Phytotoxin

Question 9

toxin produced by a fungus

Answer 9

Mycotoxin

Question 10

Toxin produced by bacteria, cyanobacteria, or other microbes

Answer 10

Microbial toxin

Question 11

Level of damage depends on…

Answer 11

type of toxin, how long we are exposed, how frequently we are exposed, how much we are exposed to, and the route of exposure

Question 12

Routes of exposures

Answer 12

Absorbed through skin, breathing, eating, puncture

Question 13

Ability of a substance to cause a harmful effect

Answer 13

Toxicity

Question 14

Amount of something you are exposed to or come in contact with

Answer 14

Dose

Question 15

Relationship between toxicity and dose

Answer 15

Indirect relationship (one goes up, other goes down)

Question 16

Toxicity is low, dose is low

Answer 16

Low risk

Question 17

Toxicity is low, dose is high

Answer 17

Moderate risk

Question 18

Toxicity is high, dose is low

Answer 18

Moderate risk

Question 19

Toxicity is high, dose is high

Answer 19

High risk

Question 20

Single dose (mg/kg of body weight) that kills 50% of a population within two weeks

Answer 20

LD50

Question 21

Excite and enhance alertness and activity

Answer 21

Stimulants

Question 22

Examples of stimulants

Answer 22

Caffeine, cocaine

Question 23

Alter perception, thought, mood, and may induce dream-like states

Answer 23

Hallucinogens

Question 24

Examples of hallucinogens

Answer 24

LSD, peyote, psilocybin, marijuana

Question 25

Dull awareness, reduce performance, and may induce sleep or trancelike states

Answer 25

Depressants

Question 26

Examples off depressants

Answer 26

Opium (morphine and heroin)

Question 27

The desire to re-experience the drug induced pleasure

Answer 27

Psychological dependence

Question 28

The body needs the drug to avoid unpleasant withdrawal symptoms

Answer 28

Physical dependence

Question 29

The need for ever greater doses to achieve the same effect

Answer 29

Tolerance

Question 30

A central nervous system depressant, any psychoactive chemical thought to be dangerously addictive

Answer 30

Narcotic

Question 31

All addictive drugs affect this pathway, cocaine keeps dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens, opiates increase dopamine production, addictive drugs mess with dopamine

Answer 31

Dopamine’s mesolymbic pathway

Question 32

Examples of opium and opiates

Answer 32

Morphine and Codeine

Question 33

Used medicinally to control pain, depressed the area of the brain involved in perceiving pain by mimicking endorphins

Answer 33

Morphine

Question 34

Much less powerful than morphine, reduces pain and coughing

Answer 34

Codeine

Question 35

Used as a non-addictive pain killer and cough suppressant until 1917

Answer 35

Heroin