psychoactive plants Flashcards

1
Q

affect functioning of nerve and brain cells

A

neurotoxins

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2
Q

kill cells, selectively or generally

A

Cytotoxins

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3
Q

attacks organs

A

organotoxins

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4
Q
A

plants benefit from producing secondary compounds that are toxic to potential herbivores

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5
Q

Any biologically produced chemical that does harm to the body; poison

A

Toxin

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6
Q

Human produced “toxins”

A

Toxicants

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7
Q

Phytotoxin, Mycotoxin, and Microbial toxin

A

Biotoxins

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8
Q

Toxin produced by a plant

A

Phytotoxin

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9
Q

toxin produced by a fungus

A

Mycotoxin

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10
Q

Toxin produced by bacteria, cyanobacteria, or other microbes

A

Microbial toxin

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11
Q

Level of damage depends on…

A

type of toxin, how long we are exposed, how frequently we are exposed, how much we are exposed to, and the route of exposure

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12
Q

Routes of exposures

A

Absorbed through skin, breathing, eating, puncture

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13
Q

Ability of a substance to cause a harmful effect

A

Toxicity

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14
Q

Amount of something you are exposed to or come in contact with

A

Dose

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15
Q

Relationship between toxicity and dose

A

Indirect relationship (one goes up, other goes down)

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16
Q

Toxicity is low, dose is low

17
Q

Toxicity is low, dose is high

A

Moderate risk

18
Q

Toxicity is high, dose is low

A

Moderate risk

19
Q

Toxicity is high, dose is high

20
Q

Single dose (mg/kg of body weight) that kills 50% of a population within two weeks

21
Q

Excite and enhance alertness and activity

A

Stimulants

22
Q

Examples of stimulants

A

Caffeine, cocaine

23
Q

Alter perception, thought, mood, and may induce dream-like states

A

Hallucinogens

24
Q

Examples of hallucinogens

A

LSD, peyote, psilocybin, marijuana

25
Dull awareness, reduce performance, and may induce sleep or trancelike states
Depressants
26
Examples off depressants
Opium (morphine and heroin)
27
The desire to re-experience the drug induced pleasure
Psychological dependence
28
The body needs the drug to avoid unpleasant withdrawal symptoms
Physical dependence
29
The need for ever greater doses to achieve the same effect
Tolerance
30
A central nervous system depressant, any psychoactive chemical thought to be dangerously addictive
Narcotic
31
All addictive drugs affect this pathway, cocaine keeps dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens, opiates increase dopamine production, addictive drugs mess with dopamine
Dopamine's mesolymbic pathway
32
Examples of opium and opiates
Morphine and Codeine
33
Used medicinally to control pain, depressed the area of the brain involved in perceiving pain by mimicking endorphins
Morphine
34
Much less powerful than morphine, reduces pain and coughing
Codeine
35
Used as a non-addictive pain killer and cough suppressant until 1917
Heroin