evo with co-evo Flashcards
individuals vary & these are heritable, populations reproduce excessively, selective pressure exists, the fittest survive and reproduce
4 steps of natural selection
change in population traits over time
evolution
the evolutionary process where a new species is formed from an existing one
speciation
bacteria evolving resistance to antibiotics
modern example of microevolution
relationship of hummingbird to long tube flowers, beak evolves to reach nectar
example of co-evolution
can lead to specialized relationship between species (parasite & host, plant & pollinator, predator & prey)
benefits of co-evo to species
evolution of specific species
micro evolution
evolution of species as a whole
macro evolution
rate of speciation
slow
rate of mutation
slow, due to radiation and reproduction
very low number of only hard bodied specimen
fossilization
the place or set of environmental conditions in which a particular organism lives
habitat
role played by a species in a biological community, set of environmental factors that determine distribution
ecological niche
states that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche at the same time
competitive exclusion principle
species co-exist in a habitat by utilizing different parts of a single resource
resource partitioning
two or more species live intimately together with their fates linked
symbiosis
both organisms benefit from their association
mutualism
one species benefits while the other neither benefits nor is harmed
commensalism
a form of predation, is also sometimes considered a symbiosis bc of the dependency of the parasite on its host
parasitism
over time predator and prey evolve in response to one another
coevolution
harmless species mimic the warning coloration of harmful species to gain protection
Batesian mimicry
two harmful species evolve to look alike
Mullerian mimicry
change in population characteristics over generations
evolution
these populations changed from a common ancestor
theory of common descent
populations have changed over time into the different species we see today and theory of common descent
central tenets of evolution
formation of new species
speciation
interbreed to produce fertile offspring in nature
biological species concept (BSC)
Where does variation come from?
random mutation
