Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

YR3 HUD > Psycho-social > Flashcards

Psycho-social Flashcards

1
Q

What is anxiety and when does it become generalised anxiety disorder?

A

It is a feeling of unease when feeling under threat.

Generalised when the anxiousness lasts for most days in the week.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the clinical features of anxiety?

A
  • Dizziness
  • Stomach ache
  • Tachycardia
  • Sweating
  • Dry mouth
  • Headaches
  • Lack of concentration
  • Feeling restless
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is depression and are men or women more likely to get it?

A

Feeling low and sad over a long period of time.

Women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is bipolar disorder and are men or females more common?

A

Alternating episodes of depression and euphoria.

Women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the clinical features of depression?

A
  • Low mood
  • Loss of concentration
  • Inability to enjoy pleasure
  • Suicidal
  • Lack of energy
  • Loss of appetite
  • Lack of energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the features of bipolar?

A
  • Wearing bright clothes
  • Acting over familiar
  • Disinhibition
  • Pressure of speech
  • Flight of ideas
  • Risk taking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is schizophrenia and what are the clinical features?

A

A loss of contact with reality.

  • Hallucinations
  • Delusions (believing in something untrue)
  • Thought insertion (believing thoughts are being put in their head)
  • Broadcasting (believing their thoughts are being read by others)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment for schizophrenia?

A
  • Anti-psychotic medication

- Therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who is anorexia nervosa common in and what is it associated with?

A
  • Young girls aged 10-19
  • Voluntary reduction in oral intake
  • Anxiety about body shape and weight
  • Disturbance of weight perception
  • Low self esteem, depression and anxiety
  • Light headed, dizziness and absence of menstruation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is bulimia?

Who is it common in?

A

It is a way of controlling weight by binge eating and then inducing vomiting or laxative abuse.

Common in women aged 20-30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do all these disorders affect oral health?

A
  • Tend to be poor dental attendance
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Increased risk of smoking, alcohol intake and drug use
  • Antidepressants and anti psychotics can lead to dry mouth
  • Increased risk of dental trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the dental relevance of eating disorders?

A
  • Dental erosion (typically palatal surface of upper incisors)
  • Salivary gland enlargement
  • Increased risk of fainting
  • Give them less drugs due to lower body weight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is dementia?
What are the causes of it?
What are the clinical features?

A

Dementia is the gradual deterioration of intellect, memory and cognitive function.

Causes:

  • Degenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s)
  • Genetic
  • Vascular (multi-infarct disease)
  • Metabolic
  • Toxic (alcohol)
  • Brain lesion (tumour, infection or inflammation)

Clinical features:

  • Lack of memory
  • Poor concentration
  • Difficulty reading and speaking
  • Personality changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Alzheimer’s disease?
Causes?
Treatment?

A

Atrophy to parts of the brain

  • Unknown! increased with age, familiy history, smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension

Treatment = donepezil (to reduce memory loss and confusion) and social support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease?

What treatment can these patients have?

What is the dental relevance?

A

Resting tremor due to degeneration of nerve cells and loss of dopamine.

Treatment = social support, physiotherapy, dopamine agonists

Dental relevance = poor oral hygiene, difficulty in dental chair, increases risk of aspiration of equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are drugs and what are the 3 problems that come from long term use?

A

Natural or synthetic substances which alter mental state.

  • Psychological dependance = promotes the feeling of satisfaction and this drives the person to repeat having this drug
  • Physical dependance = physical disturbances when reduction in drug taken
  • Tolerance = increased amounts of drug are needed to achieve the same desired effect
17
Q

Which drug has the highest % of drug misuse in those between 16-24years?

A

Cannabis

18
Q

What are the 3 main reasons as to why people become drug dependant?

A

1) Environment - drugs are more acceptable and available
2) Constitution - more people with psychiatric illness, worse experiences, genetic disposition
3) Drug itself - pharmacological affect of drug leading to abuse, tolerance and physical dependance

19
Q

CANNABIS:

1) What class of drug is this?
2) What does acute intoxication lead to?
3) What does chronic abuse lead to?
4) What are the oral manifestations?

A

1) B

2) Happy feeling, carelessness, more sociable, tachycardia, impairment of memory and judgement
3) Lack of interest, withdrawal, depression and lack of motivation
4) Dry mouth, oral ulceration

20
Q

COCAINE:

1) Where does this come from?
2) What type of dependance occurs?
3) What feelings does it lead to?
4) Oral manifestations?

A

1) Coca plant leaf
2) Psychological
3) Feelings of invincibility, happiness, tachycardia, hypertension, hallucinations
4) Ulceration, Oro-nasal fistula

21
Q

ECSTASY:

1) What is the other name for it?
2) What happens in the acute phase?
3) Oral manifestations?

A

1) MDMA
2) tachycardia, hypertension, sweating, dilated pupils, acute renal failure
3) trismus, TMJ disorders, dry mouth

22
Q

QAT:

1) What type of drug is this?
2) What are the complications?
3) What are the oral effects?

A

1) Stimulant
2) Abdominal pain, constipation
3) Plasma cells gingivitis, ulceration, lichenoid reactions

23
Q

SOLVENTS:

1) What dependance occurs here?
2) What are the clinical features?
3) What serious life threatening risks do solvents have?

A

1) Psychological and tolerance
2) Dizziness, blurring of vision, slurred speech, hallucinations, coma
3) Accidents, suffocation through inhalation, inhalation of vomit, brain damage, renal damage, peripheral neuropathy

24
Q

What are the characteristics of someone taking drugs?

A
  • Lying about drug use
  • Dependance on analgesics
  • Knowledge of how to prescribe drugs
  • IV is hard due to lack of veins
  • Mood swings
  • Lack of interest
  • Inappropriate wear of sunglasses
25
Q

What is detoxification?

A

Reduction in drugs use, may need substitution drugs to avoid withdrawal symptoms such as methadone.

26
Q

What is rehabiliation?

A

Leaving drug culture and adopting a new life.

27
Q

How do most people who over use alcohol die?

A

Liver disease

28
Q

What are the 4 levels of drinking?

A

1 - social
2 - at risk
3 - problem drinking
4 - dependence and addiction

29
Q

Which people tend to drink more?

A
  • Men
  • Professional occupation
  • Homelessness
30
Q

What can help dentists recognise a drinking problem?

A
  • Drinking history
  • Number of units
  • Time of first alcoholic drink in day
  • Presence of withdrawal symptoms
31
Q

What problems does alcohol dependence cause?

  • Social
  • Medical
  • Dental
  • Psychiatric
A

Social:
Requests for medical certificates
Marital financial problems
Prosecution for violent behaviour

Medical 
Gastrointestinal problems 
Cardiovascular problems 
Obstetrics (fetal alcohol syndrome)
Neurological (pyschosis)
Joint problems  
Oral problems (smelling of alcohol and oral cancer)
Dental factors:
Poor attenders 
Taking other drugs 
Oral cancer risk increased
Liver disease (increasing bleeding and affecting metabolism) 
Psychiatric problems:
Depression
Anxiety 
Personality changes 
Sexual dysfunction
Hallucinations
32
Q

How do we help someone who have alcohol dependance?

4 steps

A
  1. Initial intervention
    Assess alcohol consumption
    Provide information about alcohol effects
    Give advice on reducing consumption
  2. Controlled drinking or abstinence
    Reducing the alcoholic strength of drinks
    Spacing drinks
    Alternating alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks
    Eating with drinks
  3. Detoxification
    Daily supervision to allow early detection of complications
    Multivitamins to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy (confusion, inability to coordinate voluntary movement)
    Benzodiazepines to prevent withdrawal symptoms
4. Support after withdrawal 
Primary healthcare tram 
Community alcohol team
Residential rehabilitation programmes
Voluntary organisations 
Disulfiram (makes you feel unwell if you drink alcohol)
33
Q

What are the common withdrawal symptoms from alcohol?

A
  • Headache
  • Sweating
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Tremor

YR3 HUD (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions