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Phase 3A Medicine > Psychiatry: Terminology > Flashcards

Psychiatry: Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Define a concrete concept

A

Real objects or situations (e.g. tremor)

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2
Q

Define a defined concept

A

Classes of concepts (e.g. delusions)

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3
Q

Define a concept system

A

Sets of related concepts (e.g. schizophrenia)

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4
Q

Define an illusion

A

A miss-interpretation of a physical stimulus

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5
Q

Define a hallucination

A

The perception of a stimulus that is not there (auditory, visual, olfactory)

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6
Q

Name four types of hallucination

A
  1. Hypnopompic/hypnogogic
  2. Auditory
  3. Reflex
  4. Extracampine
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7
Q

Define a hypnopompic hallucination

A

Hallucinations as you fall asleep/wake up

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8
Q

Define an auditory hallucination

A

Can be 2nd or 3rd person
2nd - “You are going to die” “You’re a terrible person”
3rd - Running commentary, voices discussing or commenting

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9
Q

Define a reflex hallucination

A

Have a reflex to a stimulus, e.g. when you write, you can hear the pen pressing on your heart

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10
Q

Define an extracampine hallucination

A

A hallucination outside the realms of what could be feasible. E.g. I can hear people from Australia talking to me or I can smell the pizza from pizza hut in London

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11
Q

Define an over-valued idea

A

A belief or concept that is out of keeping with reality, but isn’t held with firm belief (could be shifted with evidence)

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12
Q

Define a delusion

A

A belief or concept (usually knowledge-based) that is firmly believed, with no persuading otherwise

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13
Q

Define a persecutory delusion

A

Something is going to happen to them that will harm them due to an external agency

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14
Q

Define a grandiose delusion

A

The belief that they are invinsible, e.g. can cure cancer

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15
Q

Define a self-referential delusion

A

Take something incidental and perceiving it (hearing the radio/seeing something on TV and thinking it means something to you)
E.g. Because that guy is wearing a bow tie it means that he loves me

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16
Q

Define a nihilistic delusion

A

Believe that they have died or that their body is not functioning

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17
Q

Define a misidentification delusion

A
  • Capgras: someone is replaced by an imposter
  • Fregoli: various people are the same people
  • Subjective doubles: doppelganger
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18
Q

Define a religious delusion

A

Refers to the content of the delusion

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19
Q

Define a delusional perception

A

Somebody has an actual perception and forms a delusional meaning
E.g. the traffic light turned red and I knew from that moment on that people were watching me

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20
Q

Define thought insertion

A

An external agency putting thoughts into your head (e.g. MI5 keep putting thoughts into my head)

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21
Q

Thought withdrawal

A

Belief that someone is extracting their thoughts

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22
Q

Thought broadcast

A

Belief that their thoughts are being shared with EVERYBODY

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23
Q

Thought echo

A

Thoughts are being echoed back to you, sometimes an internal monologue

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24
Q

Thought block

A

Trains of thoughts are being blocked - sudden stopping of conversation that can not be brought back

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25
Q

Concrete thinking

A

Take descriptions very literally, e.g. won’t understand metaphors

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26
Q

Loosening of association

A

AKA when they speak you can understand the words, but the sentences don’t make sense. Lost connectivity with the thoughts that they have.

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27
Q

Circumstantiality

A

Ask somebody a question, e.g. how old was your father when he died?
The patient will start talking about something completely irrelevant and go around until they get to the answer
See it in personality disorders, Alzheimer’s

28
Q

Perseveration

A

The initial answer is correct and makes sense, but the answer is repeated to other questions and no longer makes sense
E.g. When did you go on holiday? Two weeks. Where did you go? Two weeks

29
Q

Confabulation

A

Memory formation problems (can be from alcohol misuse)

E.g. can form short (untrue) memories to fill in gaps in memory and convinced they are real

30
Q

Somatic passivity

A

Physical sensation but cause is external (MI5 is making my arm itch)

31
Q

Made acts, feelings and drives

A

A reason for why something is happening, caused by an external agent (MI5 are making me walking back and forth/making me feel sad/making me want to do something)

32
Q

Catatonia

A

Remains speechless or motionless

33
Q

Flights of ideas

A

Part of pressure of speech, jumping between connected ideas very rapidly

34
Q

Anhedonia

A

Lack of pleasure in things you used to find enjoyable

35
Q

Incongruity of affect

A

‘My dog died and I’m really upset’ but they are smiling/laughing/joking

36
Q

Blunting of affect

A

No changes in facial expression

37
Q

Conversion and Belle indifference

A
  • Conversion: converted psychological trauma into physical trauma
  • Belle indifference: Unphased by conversion disorder
38
Q

Depersonalisation

A

Still doing physical actions but things are happening automatically without thought

39
Q

Derealisation

A

Wolrd is described as being unreal (e.g. everything feels like it is made of cardboard - flat and dimensional)

40
Q

Dissocation

A

E.g. in trauma

The person removes consciousness from the situation

41
Q

Dissociation

A

E.g. in trauma

The person removes consciousness from the situation

42
Q

Mannerism

A

E.g. salute at someone every time they walk past

43
Q

Stereotyped behaviour

A

Non-goal directed movements, e.g. shaking of limb or leg. Movement without a purpose.

44
Q

Obsession

A

Thought component. E.g. keep thinking about leaving the gas on. Recognise as own thought.

45
Q

Compulsion

A

Action component. E.g. repeated hand-washing

46
Q

Akathisia

A

Common side effects of anti-psychotics. Urge to move and can’t keep still

47
Q

Akathisia

A

Common side effects of anti-psychotics. Urge to move and can’t keep still

48
Q

Pseudo-hallucination

A

A hallucination that is recognised by the patient as unreal

49
Q

Neologism

A

New made-up words

50
Q

Interpolation

A

Insertion of other ideas of a different nature into a sentence talking about something else

51
Q

Posturing

A

Behaviour intended to impress/mislead

52
Q

Waxy flexibility

A

Reduced response to stimuli/immobile

53
Q

What is depersonalisation/derealisation?

A
  • Rare disorder
  • Characterised by persistent episodes of a distressing feeling of unreality and detachment
  • May be in relation to the outside world (realisation) or persons own body/thoughts/feelings/behaviour (personalisation)
  • Dissociative disorder or anxiety/stress-related disorder
  • Manage with CBT
54
Q

Cotard delusion

A

The belief that some body parts are dead/dying/missing

55
Q

Othello delusion

A

The delusion of the infidelity of a spouse or partner

56
Q

Capgras delusion

A

A delusion that a friend, spouse, parent, or another close family member (or pet) has been replaced by an identical impostor

57
Q

Fregoli delusion

A

A delusional belief that different people are in fact a single person who changes appearance or is in disguise

58
Q

Knight’s move

A

Leaping between ideas

Different from flight of ideas as no links between topics

59
Q

Word salad

A

Disorganised speech

Sentences don’t make sense

60
Q

Munchausens

A

Purposefully causing symptoms, e.g. diabetic taking too much insulin to cause hypos

61
Q

Malingering

A

Faking symptoms for personal gain (usually financial)

62
Q

Charles Bonnet syndrome

A
  • Visual hallucinations associated with an eye disease (though no hereditary eye disease)
  • Most are face, children and wild animals
  • Often occurs in older patients
63
Q

Echopraxia

A

A tic characterized by the involuntary repetition of another person’s behaviour or movements

Could be body language, imitating a walk, or copying a person fidgeting

64
Q

Echolalia

A

The involuntary repetition of another person’s speech

65
Q

Tangentiality

A

Wandering from a topic without returning to it

66
Q

Clang associations

A

Ideas are related to each other by the fact they sound similar or rhyme

Phase 3A Medicine (17 decks)

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