Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 3A Medicine > Paeds Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Paeds Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Measles

Organism

A

RNA Morbillivirus

Paramyxovirus family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Measles

Incubation period
+ Infectivity period

A

7 - 14 days

From prodrome to 4 days after rash disappears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Measles

Presentation

A

Prodrome = CCCK for 3-5 days

Rash > 3 days, Fever > 1 day PLUS one of CCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Measles

Rash

A

Starts on forehead, neck, behind ears, spreads to limb/trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Measles

Ix

A

IgM and IgG +ve
Salivary swab/serum sample within 6 weeks (measles-specific Ig)
RNA detection in the salivary swab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Measles

Tx

A

Self-limiting

Notifiable disease!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Measles

Complications

A
  • otitis media
  • croup/tracheitis
  • pneumonia
  • encephalitis
  • subacute panencephalitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Measles

Complications if in pregnancy?

A
  • Miscarriage
  • Prematurity
  • Low birth weight
  • Vit A deficiency –> deafness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Scarlet fever

Organism

A

Group A streptococcus (Strep. pyogenes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Scarlet fever

Incubation period

A

2 - 4 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Scarlet fever

Prodrome

A

Sore throat, tonsillitis, fever, headache, vom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Scarlet fever

Rash

A
  • Scarlatiniform rash
  • Chest, axilla, behind ears –> trunk and legs
  • Red ‘pinprick’ blanching rash (sandpaper/rough-like)
  • Strawberry tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Scarlet fever

Ix

A
  • Clinical
  • Throat swab + culture
  • Antigen detection kits
  • Strep antibody test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Scarlet fever

Tx

A
  • Penicillin + Azithromycin for 10 days

- NOTIFIABLE DISEASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Scarlet fever

Complications

A
  • Sydenhams chorea
  • Otitis media
  • Rheumatic fever
  • Glomerulonephritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rubella

Causative organism

A

RNA virus = Rubivirus Togaviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rubella

Incubation period

A

14 - 21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rubella

Infectivity

A

5 days before until 5 days after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rubella

Prodrome

A
  • lethargy
  • low fever
  • headache
  • mild conjunctivitis
  • anorexia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rubella

Rash

A
  • pink discrete macular rash
  • Starts behind ears/face –> body
  • Lymphadenopathy - suboccipital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rubella

Ix

A
  • PCR testing

- FBC - low WCC, high lymphocytes/thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Rubella

Tx

A
  • Antipyretics
  • Vaccine
  • NOTIFIABLE DISEASE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rubella

In-utero complications

A
  • Weeks 1 - 4: eye anomaly (70%)
  • Weeks 4 - 8: cardiac abnormality (40%)
  • Weeks 8 - 12: deafness (30%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Slapped cheek syndrome

Causative organism

A

Parvovirus B19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Slapped cheek syndrome

Incubation period

A

4 - 20 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Slapped cheek syndrome

Prodrome

A
  • headche
  • rhinitis
  • sore throat
  • low fever
  • malaise
  • nausea
  • diarrhoea
  • abdo pain
  • arthralgia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Slapped cheek syndrome

Rash

A

Prodrome –> 7-10 days symptom free –> Rash

  • Cheeks, sparing nose
  • 1 - 4 days later: macular rash on limbs, extensor surfaces, not itchy
  • Symmetrical arthralgia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Slapped cheek syndrome

Ix

A
  • B19 specific IgM = current infection
  • B19 specific IgG = immunity
  • PCR
29
Q

Slapped cheek syndrome

Tx

A

Advise of risks

30
Q

Slapped cheek syndrome

Worse prognosis if?

A
  • Sickle cell
  • Thalassaemia
  • Spherocytosis
  • HIV
  • Dangerous in pregnancy
31
Q

Chickenpox

Causative organism

A
  • Varicella-zoster virus
32
Q

Chickenpox

Incubation period

A

10 - 21 days

33
Q

Chickenpox

Symptoms

A
  • Fever 38/39
  • Headache
  • Malaise
  • Abdo pain
34
Q

Chickenpox

Rash

A
  • 2-4 crops of vesicles over 3-5 days
  • Itchy
  • Head, neck, trunk
  • Macule –> papule –> vesicle (red surround) –> ulcers –> crust
35
Q

Chickenpox

Ix

A

Clinical

Fluorescent antibody test (IgG/IgM)

36
Q

Chickenpox

Tx

A
  • Keep cool
  • Calamine lotion
  • Antihistamines
  • 5 days off school
  • IG’s and Acyclovir if severe/immunocompromised/risk of complications
37
Q

Chickenpox

Complications

A
  • Secondary bacterial infection of lesions
  • Pneumonia
  • Encephalitis (ataxia)
  • Disseminated haemorrhage
  • Arthritis
  • Nephritis
  • Pancreatitis
38
Q

Chickenpox

RFs for complications

A
  • Immunocompromised
  • Older
  • Steroid use
  • Malignancy

Dangerous for neonates/fetus/immunocomp/severe eczema

39
Q

Coxsackies

Causative organism

A

Coxsackievirus A16 (Enterovirus 71)

40
Q

Coxsackies

Incubation period

A

5 - 7 days

41
Q

Coxsackies

Transmission

A

Faeco-oral

42
Q

Coxsackies

Presentation/prodrome

A
  • Mildly unwell w/ systemic illness
  • Low fever
  • Malaise
  • Loss of appetite
  • Sore mouth/throat
  • Cough
  • Abdo pain
43
Q

Coxsackies

Rash

A
  • Mouth lesions: buccal mucosa, tongue + hard palate, yellow ulcers surrounded by red haloes
  • Skin lesion: palms, soles, between fingers + toes, erythematous –> grey vesicles. May also be on trunk/buttocks/genitalia
  • Heals w/o crusting
44
Q

Coxsackies

Tx

A
  • Fluids/soft food/analgesia
  • Maybe lidocaine gell if v sore
  • Only stay off school if unwell
45
Q

Impetigo

Causative organisms

A

S. aureus or Strep. pyogenes

46
Q

Impetigo

Peak age

A

2 -5 years

47
Q

Impetigo

incubation period

A

4 - 10 days

48
Q

Impetigo

Rash

A

Honey-coloured crusty lesions on an erythematous base

- Start on nose/face

49
Q

Impetigo

Tx

A
  • Fusidic acid
  • or oral flucloxacillin (if severe)
  • Isolate patient
  • Keep off school until lesions crust/heal or 48hrs post Abx initiation
50
Q

Toxic shock syndrome

Organisms

A
  • S.Aureus/Group A Strep
51
Q

Toxic shock syndrome

Presentation

A
  • Fever > 38
  • Hypotension
  • Diffuse erythematous macular rash
  • Organ dysfunction (3+ organ systems):
    o Mucositis
    o GI - vom/diarrhoea
    o Renal/liver impairment
    o Clotting abnormalities + thrombocytopenia
    o CNS - altered consciousness/confusion
52
Q

Toxic shock syndrome

Tx

A
  • Intensive care
  • Infection areas surgically debrided
  • Abx - CEFTRIAXONE + CLINDAMYCIN
53
Q

Candida

Vs nappy rash

A
  • Rash extending into skin folds
  • Larger red macules
  • Well demarcated scaly border
  • Circular pattern - similar to ringworm
  • Satellite lesions (small similar patches close to the main rash)
  • Oral thrush
54
Q

Candida

Tx

A

Topical antifungal

Fluconazole, Miconazole, Clotrimazole

55
Q

Scalded skin syndrome

Causative organism

A
  • S.Aureus toxins
56
Q

Scalded skin syndrome

Presentation

A
  • Starts with generalised erythema –> thin/wrinkled skin –> fluid-filled blisters (BULLAE) –> burst and leave sore erythematous skin underneath

Lethargy, irritability, dehydration, fever –> sepsis/death

+ve Nikolskys sign (gentle rubbing of skin causes it to peel)

57
Q

Scalded skin syndrome

Tx

A
  • ADMISSION and IV Abx

- Fluid + electrolyte balance (to prevent dehydration)

58
Q

Diphtheria

Causative organism

A

Gram +ve bacterium - Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Necrotic mucosal cells

59
Q

Diphtheria

Consider in who?

A
  • Recent visit to Eastern Europe/Russia/Asia
  • Sore throat with diphtheric membrane = grey, pseudomembrane on posterior pharyngeal wall
  • Bulky cervical lymphadenopathy (bull neck)
  • Neuritis (cranial nerve)
  • Heart block
60
Q

Diphtheria

Ix

A

Culture of throat swab -

tellurite agar on Loefflers media

61
Q

Diphtheria

Tx

A
  • IM Penicillin

- Diphtheria antitoxin

62
Q

Kawasaki disease

In who?

A
  • 6 months - 5 years

- Predominantly Asian origin

63
Q

Kawasaki disease

What?

A

Idiopathic, self-limiting, systemic vasculitis

64
Q

Kawasaki disease

Presentation

A

FEVER - non-remitting, > 5 days (Dz = Stills/Leukaemia/RF)
S - Strawberry tongue/sausage fingers
C - Conjunctivitis (non-purulent)
R - Rash - polymorphic/non-vesicular
E - Erythema and oedema of hands
A - Adenopathy (cervical lymph - unilateral)
M - Mucosal involvement

65
Q

Kawasaki disease

Phases

A

Acute (1-2 weeks) = febrile
Subacute (4-6 weeks) = remission of fever, development of coronary artery aneurysm, thrombocytosis, desquamation of digits
Convalescent (6-12 weeks) = resolution of clinical signs and inflammatory markers

66
Q

Kawasaki disease

Ix

A
  • Raised ESR/CRP/AST/A1AT/Platelets/Bilirubin
  • ECG
  • MUST DO ECHO
67
Q

Kawasaki disease

Tx

A
  • high dose aspirin
  • IV IG’s
  • +/- Prednisolone
68
Q

Kawasaki disease

Major complication?

A
  • Coronary artery aneurysm formation –> PCI

Phase 3A Medicine (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions