Psychiatry Shrinky Dinks Flashcards
ADHD pts who can’t use stimulants can try
Imipramine for patients with comorbid anxiety or tics, do not tolerate stimulants, bed wetting, or patients who have a history of substance abuse
Rabbit syndrome
uncommon extrapyramidal neuroleptic-induced syndrome often confused with tardive dyskinesia. In radid chewing movements and regular vs the orofacial movements typical of tardive
tongue and other parts of the body are not involved.
Lithium causes a benign, high-frequency, fine tremor that worsens during activities requiring fine
motor control. Rx?
Dose reduction, elimination of caffeine, slow-release Li, and beta blockers
dementia pugilistica
- boxer’s dementia, a type of chronic traumatic encephalopathy
- cognitive decline / memory deficits are characteristically accompanied by parkinsonian symptoms.
Huntington disease is an autosomal ________ (D vs R)
autosomal dominant disorder
Grand mal seizures are followed by a sharp rise in serum ______ level that lasts approximately 20 minutes
prolactin
Tumors of the temporal lobe can present with
olfactory /unusual types of hallucinations derealization episodes mood lability/ irritability, intermittent anger behavioral dyscontrol Anxiety
Occipital lobe tumors present with
headache, papilledema, and homonymous hemianopsia
aural flashing lights
visual sz
Delerium vs delerium tremens
Stable vital signs
delirium tremens is accompanied by hypertension, tachycardia, and elevated temperature
cholinesterase inhibitors that can all be used to treat the mild to moderate symptoms of Alzheimer dementia
1st line: Donepezil
also rivastigmine, galantamine, and tacrine
Somatic symptom disorder is recognized by
patient’s preoccupation with having a serious medical
condition w/ somatic symptoms that are distressing or significantly disrupt daily life.
Despite medical evaluation and reassurance, the patient continues to fear that the disease is present
rx: regular pcp visits
Acute arsenic poisoning from ingestion results in
↑ permeability of small blood vessels –> necrosis of the intestinal mucosa
s/s: hemorrhagic gastroenteritis fluid loss hypotension NVD abdominal pain delirium, coma, and seizures Breath= garlicky odor
NPH is an idiopathic disorder caused by
obstruction of the flow of the CSF into the subarachnoid space
progression of symptoms as first gait, followed by incontinence, followed by neurocognitive disorder
NPH dementia
dementia displays frontal-subcortical dysfunction , such as impaired attention, visuospatial deficits, and poor judgment.
Apathy and lack of concern are the typical personality changes.
Wernike presentation
AMS, ataxia, and sixth-nerve paralysis.
rx: thiamine
Binswanger’s disease
aka subcortical leukoencephalopathy
form of small vessel vascular dementia caused by damage to the white brain matter
2nd most common cause of dementia in the elderly
vascular dementia
__________ is the primary metabolite of dopamine
Homovanillic acid
Cataplexy refers to ?
a sudden loss of muscle tone (weakness –> total loss of tone) triggered by strong emotions during full wakefulness.
cataplexy rx?
medications that reduce REM sleep, such as antidepressants.
) Ideational apraxia is
the inability to put a sequence of skilled acts together in a row, though the individual may be able to perform each component of the sequence without error
typical in cortical degeneration from Alzheimer’s
ex: pick up a piece of paper in his left hand, fold it in half, and place it back on the table.
e consolidation of immediate memory into long-term is a crucial function of the ________ ?
hippocampus
Lesions of the orbitofrontal area are accompanied by
abnormal social behaviors an excessively good opinion of oneself jocularity sexual disinhibition lack of concern for others.
Central achromatopsia
is a complete inability to perceive color.
Simultanagnosia is
the inability to integrate a visual scene to perceive it as a whole
Gerstmann syndrome
includes agraphia
calculation difficulties (acalculia)
right-left disorientation,
finger agnosia.
lesions of the parietal lobe, dominant hemisphere.
Color anomia is
the inability to name a color despite being able to point to it
Prosopagnosia is
the inability to
recognize faces in the presence of preserved recognition of other objects.
results from disconnect of the left inferior temporal cortices (ITC) from the visual association area in the left parietal lobe
Tranylcypromine is?
an MAOi
A decreased latency of REM sleep is seen in
major depressive disorder
Hereditary Alzheimer disease
onset 40 and 50
mutation of presenilin 1 gene on chromosome 14
fancy name for serotonin
5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid
It has been proven that a dysfunction of ______ pathways is implicated in the genesis of OCD
serotoninergic
_____ (NT) is most commonly associated with dementia of the Alzheimer type, as well as with other dementias.
Acetylcholine
lesion to the left prefrontal area a
abolishes the normal mood-elevating influences of this area and produces depression and uncontrollable crying
lesion to the right prefrontal area m
may produce laughter, euphoria, and a tendency to joke and make puns
Dysfunction of the orbitofrontal area causes
disinhibition, irritability, lability, euphoria, and lack of remorse
Lesions in the dorsolateral area lead to
deficiencies of planning, monitoring, flexibility, and motivation
Damage to the _______ has been shown to impair a
person’s ability to recognize fear and anger from external cues of voice and facial expression.
amygdala
