Psychiatry/development Flashcards
What is transference?
The unconscious shifting of emotions associated with a significant person from one’s past to a person in the present.
What is depersonalization/derealization disorder?
Persistent or recurrent experiences of 1 or both:
-Depersonalization (feelings of detachment from, or being an outside observer of, one’s self).
-Derealization (experiencing surroundings as unreal).
Patients have intact reality testing.
What are the treatments for bulimia nervosa?
SSRIs (fluoxetine particularly has shown efficacy and is first line), nutritional rehabilitation, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
True or false: depressive episodes are needed for a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder.
False, patients may only have manic episodes
What is the difference between Tourette and chronic tic disorder.
Tourette disorder involves both vocal and motor tics. Chronic tic disorder involves either motor or verbal tics (but not both).
Tourette disorder is treated with antipsychotics, alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, and/or behavior therapy.
Why do elderly patients often have a harder time sleeping.
A decrease in ACh. ACh induces REM sleep.
What is sleep stimulus control?
Using the bed only for sleep and sex, going to bed only when sleepy, leave bed when unable to sleep and go to another room, fixed wake-up time (including weekends).
Do not confuse with sleep hygiene which is the process of maintaining regular sleep schedules, avoiding naps, avoiding caffeine after lunch, avoid alcohol, smoking and large meals near bedtime, adjust bedroom environment to be quiet, dark and cool, and exercise regularly but not soon before bedtime.
What are characteristics of bulimia nervosa?
Binge eating with recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors (e.g. self-induced vomiting, using laxatives or diuretics, fasting, excessive exercise). Body weight is often maintained within the normal range. Associated with parotitis, enamel erosion, electrolyte disturbances, alkalosis, and dorsal hand calluses (Russell sign). Treatment: psychotherapy, nutritional rehabilitation, and antidepressants (SSRIs are first line).
What is conversion disorder?
A neurologic symptom (e.g. muscle weakness) incompatible with any known neurologic disease; often acute onset associated with stress.
What is the criteria for diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder?
Major depressive or manic episode concurrent with symptoms of schizophrenia. Lifetime history of delusions or hallucinations for ≥2 weeks in the absence of major depressive or manic episode. Mood symptoms are present for majority of illness.
Do not confuse with major depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features in which psychotic symptoms occur exclusively during mood episodes.
What are the requirements for diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder?
Never diagnosed in individuals under age 18. Involves a pattern of violation of basic societal rules and the rights of others and requires a history of some symptoms of conduct disorder before age 15.
What is splitting?
Seeing others as all bad or all good (type of immature defense mechanism)
What is refeeding syndrome?
Occurs in severely malnourished patients (e.g. anorexic patients). ↑insulin → hypophosphatemia → cardiac complications.
What is the big distinction between acute stress disorder and PTSD?
Duration. ASD ≥3 days and ≤ 1 month; PTSD > 1 month
