Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Revising Group > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

What is a delusion?

A

A fixed, firm, unshakeable belief held against the evidence, outside of social and cultural norms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the first-line pharmacological management for ADHD?

A

Methylphenidate; a stimulant to stimulate frontal lobes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

With what presentation can you diagnose Tourette’s Syndrome?

A

More than a year’s history of multiple motor and phonic tics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What will Section 136 of the MHA allow the police to do?

A

Detain a member of the public in a public place who is at risk to themselves or others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are tics?

A

Non-rhythmic, semi/involuntary motor or phonic verbalisations with discrete muscle groups.

Profanities as tics are rare.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

With what presentation can you diagnose ADHD?

A

Inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, observable in two settings and onset before the age of seven, interfering with appropriate functioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can antipsychotics in the elderly lead to?

A

Stroke and VTE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the core symptoms of depression?

A
  • Persistent low mood, often worse in the morning.
  • Loss of interest or pleasure in most activities.
  • Low energy or persistent fatigue.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are additional symptoms of depression?

A
  • weight changes
  • insomnia or hypersomnia
  • psychomotor agitation
  • decreased libido
  • feelings of worthlessness
  • concentration issues
  • recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long do depressive symptoms have to last to have the diagnosis?

A

2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the categories of depression?

A
  1. Mild: Two core symptoms plus two additional symptoms.
  2. Moderate: Two core symptoms plus three or more additional symptoms.
  3. Severe: All three core symptoms plus four or more additional symptoms, possibly with psychotic features if severe.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the different medications available to treat depression?

A
  • First line is self help resources and CBT
  • Medication:
    • 1st line is SSRI - e.g. sertraline
      Other:
    • SNRIs e.g. reboxetine for major depression
    • TCAs e.g. Amitriptyline for depressive disorder
    • MAO e.g mocolbemide or selelgiline for depressive disorder
    • NaSSA e.g. mirtazapine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give are the side effects of TCAs?

A

-overdose → block Na+ channels → cardiac arrest
-Weight gain
-Sexual dysfunction
-Depersonalisation
-Antimuscarinic effects
-lengthening of QT interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the side effects of SSRIs?

A

ADRs- citalopram
-QT interval prolongation
-sexual dysfunction
-sleep disorders
-GI disturbances
-
Contra
-If poorly controlled epileptic
-pre-existing long QT interval, or manic
- Avoid NSAIDs (or co-prescribe with PPI), avoid warfarin/heparin, avoid triptans and MAOIs (risk of serotonin syndrome)
- Avoid giving <18y as increases risk of suicide. If CBT failed then give fluoxetine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the side effects of SNRIs?

A

-Palpitations
-Sexual dysfunction
-Decreased appetite
-Nausea
-dry mouth
-dizziness
-excessive sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the side effects of MAOI?

A

-Irritability
-Sleep disorder
-Nausea + vomiting
- Can’t eat cheese, liver, wine (increase in tyramine → serotonin syndrome)

ADRs- moclobemide
-Confused states (agitation)
-Dizziness
-Dry mouth
Contra- moclobemide
-if thyrotoxicosis,
-if bipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the side effects of NaSSA?

A

-5HT3 antagonist: increased appetite
-H1 (histamine) antagonist: drowsiness, weight gain

18
Q

What are the postiive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A
  • Though echo/ insertion/ withdrawal/ broadcast
  • Delusions of control and delusional perception
  • Auditory hallucinations (3rd person, running commentary)
19
Q

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A
  • Anhedonia - no pleasure
  • Alogia - poverty of speech
  • Avolition - poor motivation
  • Apathy - lack of interest
  • Blunted Affect - lack of emotion
20
Q

What is the criteria to diagnose schizophrenia?

A
  • at least 1 core symptom of thought disorder, delusions or hallucinations
  • and 2 other sympotms
  • All need to be present for at least 1 month
21
Q

What are the 2 types of antipsychotics?

A

typical and atypical

22
Q

What are examples of typical antipsychotics?

A
  • Chlorpromazine
  • Haloperidol
23
Q

What are common side effects of typical antipsychotics?

A
  • Weight gain
    • Movement disorder
    • Extrapyramidal symptoms e.g. Parkinsonism
    • Tardive dyskinseisa (restlessness)
    • Hyperprolactinemia
24
Q

What are examples of atypical antipsychotics?

A
  • Olanzapine
  • Risperidone
  • Aripiprazole
25
Q

What are the side effects of atypical antipsychotics?

A
  • VERY FEW EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SIDE EFFECTS
  • LESS SIGNIFICANT HYPERPROLACTINEMIA (risperidone)
  • HIGH RISK OF METABOLIC SYNDROME
  • PROLONGED QT INTERVAL
  • SEDATION (anti-H1)
  • CLOZAPINE: agranulocytosis, myocarditis,
    cardiomyopathy
  • RISK OF NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME
26
Q

What antipsychotic is known to cause weight gain and insomnia as a side effect?

A

Olanzapine

27
Q

What are common side effects of olanzapine, clozapine and quetiapine?

A
  • QT prolongations
    • Weight gain
    • Sexual dysfunction
28
Q

What is the difference between typical and atypical side effects?

A

Typical meds target dopamine by decreasing it which decreases positive symptoms but not negative ones.

Atypical meds block D2 receptors reduce dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway -> reduces positive symptoms. AND Serotonin release inhibits dopamine release. Inhibiting serotonin receptors increases dopamine release
This increases dopamine in the mesocortical pathway
This reduces negative symptoms

29
Q

What pathway in the brain is involved in creating positive symptoms in schizophrenia?

A

Hyperactivation of mesolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways

30
Q

What pathway in the brain is involved in creating negative symptoms in schizophrenia?

A

Hypoactivation mesocortical pathway

31
Q

What pathway is indirectly targeted by antipsychotic meds which leads to hyperprolactinemia + amenorrhoea + galactorrhoea?

A

Tuberoinfundibular pathway. When antipsychotics are given, there is an decrease in dopamine in this pathway, which leads to an increase in prolactin causing these symptoms

32
Q

What is the difference between psychosis and schizophrenia?

A
  • Schneider first rank symptoms of schizophrenia. If they have these sympotms then schiz.
  • In psychosis, they will not have the criteria to diagnose schiz but they will have some symptoms of it.
33
Q

What are the 2 types of psychosis?

A
  • Acute -> a sudden case usually due to a trigger
  • Chronic -> always has psychosis
34
Q

What are the triggers of psychosis?

A
  • Drug-Induced Psychosis: Substances such as cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, LSD, and alcohol can trigger psychotic episodes.
  • Sudden withdrawal of drugs and alcohol
  • Medications: steroids or anticholinergics
35
Q

What are the symptoms of serotonin syndrome?

A
  • Side effects of antidepressants
  • Excess serotonergic activity in CNS
  • Hyperreflexia, autonomic dysfunction, altered mental status
  • Onset within 24h
36
Q

What bloods are done for serotonin syndrome?

A

Non-specific bloods

37
Q

What is treatment for serotonin syndrome?

A

IV cyprohepatadine

38
Q

What are the symptoms of Neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A
  • Side effect of antipsychotics
  • Excess D2-blockade in CNS
  • Muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, akinesia (loss or impairment of the power of voluntary movement), tremor, altered mental status
  • Onset over days/weeks
39
Q

What bloods are done for Neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

Raised creatine kinase

40
Q

What is management of Neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

dantrolene

41
Q

What are symptoms of Extrapyramidal syndrome?

A

EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOMS: Acute Dystonia (painful spasms), Akathisia (movement disorder- can’t stay still), Parkinsonism, irreversible Tardive dyskinesia “ADAPT”
* HYPERPROLACTINEMIA
* PROLONGED QT INTERVAL
* (block repolarisation of K+ channels in
myocardium)
* RISK OF NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT
SYNDROME

42
Q

What anti-depressants can be given during pregnancy?

A

SSRIs - fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram and escitalopram can be sued in pregnancy

Revising Group (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions