Psychiatry

Question 1

Examples of Tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 1

amitryptyline

Question 2

Main indication for tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 2

depression

Question 3

MOA for tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 3

block the reuptake of monoamines (noradrenaline and 5-HT) into presynaptic terminals

Question 4

side effects of tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 4

anticholinergic- blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retensionQT prolongation

Question 5

What are SSRIs

Answer 5

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Question 6

examples of SSRIs

Answer 6

fluoxetinecitalopramsertralinemirtazapine

Question 7

Indication for SSRIs

Answer 7

depression

Question 8

MOA of SSRIs

Answer 8

selectively inhibit reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) from the synaptic cleft=makes more serotonin available to improve transmission of messages between neurons

Question 9

side effects of SSRIs

Answer 9

GI- nausea & vomitingCan cause transient increase in self-harm/ suicidal ideation especially in <25yrs

Question 10

What are SNRIs

Answer 10

dual reuptake inhibitors

Question 11

Examples of SNRIs

Answer 11

venlafaxineduloxetine

Question 12

Indications of SNRIs

Answer 12

major depressionGeneralised anxiety disorder, social anxiety, panic disorder

Question 13

MOA of SNRIs

Answer 13

block the reuptake of monoamines (noradrenaline and 5-HT) into presynaptic terminals

Question 14

what are dopamine antagonists

Answer 14

antipsychotics

Question 15

Examples of 1st generation (typical) dopamine antagonists

Answer 15

haloperidol

Question 16

indications for typical antipsychotics

Answer 16

delirum or psychosis

Question 17

MOA of typical antipsychotics

Answer 17

non-selectively block D2 and other receptors= reduces positive symptoms

Question 18

side effects of typical antipsychotics

Answer 18

worsen negative symptomsextra pyramidal side effects

Question 19

what are positive psychosis symptoms

Answer 19

those that add to/ distort the person’s normal functioninginclude:delusionshallucinationsparanoia

Question 20

what are negative psychosis symptoms

Answer 20

reduced motivationreduced intensity of emotionavoiding peoplefeeling disconected

Question 21

Examples of 2nd gen (atypical) antipsychotics

Answer 21

olanzapinerispiridoneclozapine

Question 22

MOA of atypical antipsychotics

Answer 22

work on D2 and 5HT (serotonin) to reduce side effectsreduce positive symptoms with no worsening of negative symptomsless likely to cause extrapyramidal effects

Question 23

Examples of benzodiazepines

Answer 23

oxazepamclonezapamdiazepamlorazepam

Question 24

Indication for benzo’s

Answer 24

short term (2-4 weeks) management of anxietystatus epilectus

Question 25

MOA of benzo’s

Answer 25

positive allosteric modulators of GABAa receptors in the CNSIncrease the Cl- entering neurons => membrane hyperpolarization => producing inhibitory postsynaptic potential => reduced neuronal firing

Question 26

side effects of benzo’s

Answer 26

develop a tolerance/ addictionsedation & psychomotor impairmentwithdrawal problemsalcohol interaction

Question 27

Indication for lithium use

Answer 27

mangement of bipolar disorderacute- reduce mood in episodes of mania & raise mood in episodes of depressionlong term- stabilise mood and prevent recurrence of mania and depression

Question 28

Contraindications of lithium

Answer 28

pregnancy & breast feeding

Question 29

side effects of lithium

Answer 29

dry mouth/ strange tastepolydipsia & polyuriahypothyroidismlong term renal function

Question 30

What antipsychotics can be used as mood stabilizers

Answer 30

olanzapine

Question 31

what is the main indication for antipsychotics mood stabilizers

Answer 31

bipolar affective disorder management