Formative Flashcards
what is the right border of the heart
the RA
What is the left border of the heart
LV
How do you diagnose parkinsons
Clinical and DaT scan
What is 1st line for drug/ alcohol withdrawal medication
chlordiazepoxide
What medication is used for opioid overdose
naltrexone
what is used to help the withdrawal symptoms of heroin
methadone
what is the 1st investigations ot do if someone presents with amenorhea
HcG!!
What is the 1st line investigation of endometriosis (not gold standard for diagnosisng)
transvaginal scan
How to treat a stable ectopic pregnancy
IM methotrexate
How to treat unstable ectopic pregnancy
Laparoscopic salpingectomy
what do you do if a patient is experiencing SSRI side effects (eg nausea)
add in mirtazapine
What is the immediate management of TIA
aspiring 300mg
How do you treat a parkinson’s patient who is having delusions/ psychosis
atypical anti-psychotics
what is the greatest risk factor for postpartum psychosis
bi-polar disorder
What are the treatments for PTSD
1st- CBT therapy, 2nd- SSRI’S (eg. sertraline)
what is tetralogy of fallot
congenital heart conditions with 4 abnormalities
what are the 4 abnormalities in tetralogy of fallot
- ventricular septal defect
- pulmonary stenosis
- right ventricular hypertrophy
- over-riding aorta
Investigations for PCKD?
- eGFR
- Ultrasound
- CT/ MRI
what are the 3 types of urinary incontinence
stress, urge, overflow
How to manage stress urinary incontinence
- pelvic floor exercises
- surgery (sling, bulking agent) or duloxetine
How to manage urge urinary incontinence
- retaining exercises
- oxybuytin (mirabegron in frail patients with anti-cholinergic worry)
what is tardive dyskinesia
involuntary movements of the face and jaw
whats is akathisia
inability to remain still
what is parkinsonism
rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor
what is chorea
repetitive, irregular dance-like movements (type of dyskinesia)
what is myoclonus
sudden, brief, involuntary twitching or jerking of a muscle group
what is parkinsonism
group of disorders that affect coordination, balance and speech
If CSF has xanthochromia what condition does this suggest
subarachnoid haemorrhage
If CSF has oligoclonal bands of immunoglobulin, what condition does this suggest
Multiple sclerosis
If CSF is cloudy, mainly neutrophils and low blood glucose what condition does this suggest
bacterial meningitis
If CSF is clear, mainly lymphocytes and a normal blood glucose what condition does this suggest
viral meningitis
what is schizoid personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by:
a lack of interest in social or intimate relationships, difficulty with expressing emotions, and a preference for a solitary life
what is schizotypal personality disorder
a mental health condition marked by a consistent pattern of intense discomfort with close relationships and social interactions (no hallucinations/ delusions)
what is delusions of persecution
fixed and strongly held belief (not amenable to reason, held on false grounds) that others mean to harm them
what are delusions of reference
things surrounding them hold very personal significance (eg. car registration plate, or tv advert is a secret message to them)
What are negative symptoms
reduction in volition, motivation, speech and sociability
What is thought insertion
the belief that others are able to directly put thoughts into their mind
what is in the carpal tunnel
median nerve
flexor digitorum profundus tendons
flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
flexor pollicis longus tendon
what muscles does the median nerve supply in the hand
opponens pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
what is the most common primary brain tumour in children
astrocytoma
what does an astrocytoma appear histologically
rosenthal fibres (corkscrew bundle)
what does an oligodendroma appear histologically
“fried-egg” apperance
what does an menngioma appear histologically
spindle cells in whorls and calcified psammoma bodies
what does a glioblastoma appear histologically
pleomorphic tumour cells with necrotic border areas
