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3rd year self made > Formative > Flashcards

Formative Flashcards

1
Q

what is the right border of the heart

A

the RA

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2
Q

What is the left border of the heart

A

LV

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3
Q

How do you diagnose parkinsons

A

Clinical and DaT scan

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4
Q

What is 1st line for drug/ alcohol withdrawal medication

A

chlordiazepoxide

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5
Q

What medication is used for opioid overdose

A

naltrexone

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6
Q

what is used to help the withdrawal symptoms of heroin

A

methadone

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7
Q

what is the 1st investigations ot do if someone presents with amenorhea

A

HcG!!

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8
Q

What is the 1st line investigation of endometriosis (not gold standard for diagnosisng)

A

transvaginal scan

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9
Q

How to treat a stable ectopic pregnancy

A

IM methotrexate

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10
Q

How to treat unstable ectopic pregnancy

A

Laparoscopic salpingectomy

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11
Q

what do you do if a patient is experiencing SSRI side effects (eg nausea)

A

add in mirtazapine

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12
Q

What is the immediate management of TIA

A

aspiring 300mg

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13
Q

How do you treat a parkinson’s patient who is having delusions/ psychosis

A

atypical anti-psychotics

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14
Q

what is the greatest risk factor for postpartum psychosis

A

bi-polar disorder

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15
Q

What are the treatments for PTSD

A

1st- CBT therapy, 2nd- SSRI’S (eg. sertraline)

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16
Q

what is tetralogy of fallot

A

congenital heart conditions with 4 abnormalities

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17
Q

what are the 4 abnormalities in tetralogy of fallot

A
  1. ventricular septal defect
  2. pulmonary stenosis
  3. right ventricular hypertrophy
  4. over-riding aorta
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18
Q

Investigations for PCKD?

A
  1. eGFR
  2. Ultrasound
  3. CT/ MRI
19
Q

what are the 3 types of urinary incontinence

A

stress, urge, overflow

20
Q

How to manage stress urinary incontinence

A
  1. pelvic floor exercises
  2. surgery (sling, bulking agent) or duloxetine
21
Q

How to manage urge urinary incontinence

A
  1. retaining exercises
  2. oxybuytin (mirabegron in frail patients with anti-cholinergic worry)
22
Q

what is tardive dyskinesia

A

involuntary movements of the face and jaw

23
Q

whats is akathisia

A

inability to remain still

24
Q

what is parkinsonism

A

rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor

25
Q

what is chorea

A

repetitive, irregular dance-like movements (type of dyskinesia)

26
Q

what is myoclonus

A

sudden, brief, involuntary twitching or jerking of a muscle group

27
Q

what is parkinsonism

A

group of disorders that affect coordination, balance and speech

28
Q

If CSF has xanthochromia what condition does this suggest

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

29
Q

If CSF has oligoclonal bands of immunoglobulin, what condition does this suggest

A

Multiple sclerosis

30
Q

If CSF is cloudy, mainly neutrophils and low blood glucose what condition does this suggest

A

bacterial meningitis

31
Q

If CSF is clear, mainly lymphocytes and a normal blood glucose what condition does this suggest

A

viral meningitis

32
Q

what is schizoid personality disorder

A

a personality disorder characterized by:
a lack of interest in social or intimate relationships, difficulty with expressing emotions, and a preference for a solitary life

33
Q

what is schizotypal personality disorder

A

a mental health condition marked by a consistent pattern of intense discomfort with close relationships and social interactions (no hallucinations/ delusions)

34
Q

what is delusions of persecution

A

fixed and strongly held belief (not amenable to reason, held on false grounds) that others mean to harm them

35
Q

what are delusions of reference

A

things surrounding them hold very personal significance (eg. car registration plate, or tv advert is a secret message to them)

36
Q

What are negative symptoms

A

reduction in volition, motivation, speech and sociability

37
Q

What is thought insertion

A

the belief that others are able to directly put thoughts into their mind

38
Q

what is in the carpal tunnel

A

median nerve
flexor digitorum profundus tendons
flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
flexor pollicis longus tendon

39
Q

what muscles does the median nerve supply in the hand

A

opponens pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis

40
Q

what is the most common primary brain tumour in children

A

astrocytoma

41
Q

what does an astrocytoma appear histologically

A

rosenthal fibres (corkscrew bundle)

42
Q

what does an oligodendroma appear histologically

A

“fried-egg” apperance

43
Q

what does an menngioma appear histologically

A

spindle cells in whorls and calcified psammoma bodies

44
Q

what does a glioblastoma appear histologically

A

pleomorphic tumour cells with necrotic border areas

3rd year self made (6 decks)

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