psychiatric symptoms Flashcards
ideomotor apraxia
cannot carry out a command
Ideational apraxia
Inability to create a plan for a specific movement e.g. pick up pen in right hand and write your name
Dressing apraxia
difficulties in putting on clothes
Constructional apraxia
difficulty copying images or arranging patterns e.g. can’t copy pentagons
Anosognosia
denial of illness or impairment despite marked evidence to the contrary
Prosopagnosia
inability to recognise a familiar face
Cataplexy
sudden loss of muscle tone without loss of consciousness
Flynn effect
the process by which the intelligence scores of populations have risen since the 1930s
Metonym
unusual use of words
asyndesis
knight’s move thinking; also an example of loosening association.
Transitional from one sentence to another or mid sentence without logical relationship between the two.
interpenetration
goal directed stream of thoughts is interfered with by a stream of preoccupation that is based mainly on fantasy
Kurt Schneider’s formal thought disorder
Substitution
Omission
Fusion
Drivelling
Derailment
- Audible thoughts
- Voices arguing/discussing
- Voices commenting/running commentary
4 . Somatic passivity - Thought withdrawal and other experiences of influenced thought
- Thought broadcasting
- Delusional perception
- Made acts, impulses and affects
Haptic hallucination
pert. to touching the skin or to sensations of temperature or pain
Couvade syndrome
a husband also complains of obstetric symptoms during his wife’s pregnancy and parturition
Pseudocyesis
the occurrence of false pregnancy
Polymorphously perverse
multiple sexual fetishes
conceptional apraxia
inappropriate tool selection
conduction apraxia
greater impairment when imitating actions than when moving to command
eintgleisen
Knight’s move thinking
schizophasia
word salad
verschmelzung
fusion
A merging and interweaving of separate ideas
Pickwickian syndrome
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome: profound daytime somnolence associated with gross obesity and cyanosis due to hypoventilation. Breathing is periodic during sleep and somnolence with apneic phases that may last up to a minute.
Kleine-Levin
A sleep disorder where attacks of somnolence occur, usually in young men. The condition is a rare and usually the attack ends spontaneously. The patient sleeps excessively during the day and night but can be roused as from normal sleep. When awake the patient is irritable.
Comorbid symptoms of hyper sexuality, hyper orality and other disturbed behaviours
Alice-in-wonderland syndrome/ dysmetropsia
People may experience distortions in visual perception of objects such as appearing smaller (micropsia) or larger (macropsia), or appearing to be closer (pelopsia) or farther (teleopsia) away than they actually are. Distortion may occur for other senses besides vision as well.
Capgras Syndrome
The patient believes that certain familiar persons have been replaced by a group of impostors resembling the original persons
Cotard Syndrome
Parts of their body are missing, or that they are dying, dead, or don’t exist.
De ja vu
The eerie feeling that you’ve been here and done this before.
Intermetamorphosis
a belief that an individual is transformed both physiologically and physically into another (essentially combines reverse fregoli + reverse capgras)
Paramnesia
a condition or phenomenon involving distorted memory or confusions of fact and fantasy, such as confabulation or déjà vu.
Fregoli delusion
delusional belief that one or more familiar persons, usually persecutors following the patient, repeatedly change their appearance.
The sufferer assumes the physical but not the psychological identity of the stranger
Reverse Fregoli Syndrome
The suffer resumes psychological change of the self as opposed to others eg Stavros believes the others think he is an imposter
Reverse Capgras Syndrome
Brobdingangian hallucination
A hallucination or visual disorder in which objects appear larger or nearer than they are; macropsia
Dysmegalopsia
A change in the perceived form of an object
Peduncular hallucination
A rare form of visual hallucination often described as vivid, colourful visions of people and animals.
Functional Hallucination
Hallucinations are triggered by a stimulus in the same modality, and co-occur with it.
Reflex Hallucination
One modality of sensation experienced after experiencing a normal stimulus in another modality of sensation.
Autoscopic hallucination
Psychic illusory visual experiences defined by the perception of the images of one’s own body or one’s face within space, either from an internal point of view, as in a mirror or from an external point of view.
Jamias Vu
The experience of being unfamiliar with a person or situation that is actually very familiar.
Hypnogogic hallucination
Hallucinations that occur as you’re falling asleep.
Hypnopompic hallucination
Occur while a person is waking up
De Clarambault Syndrome/Erotomania
Delusional idea, usually in a young woman, that a man whom she considers to be of higher social and/or professional standing is in love with her.
Delusion of Infidelity
Characteristic of Othello’s syndrome or Morbid jealousy
Delusion of Reference
A neutral event is believed to have a special and personal meaning
Delusional perception
Abnormal significance attached to a real perception without any cause that is understandable in rational or emotional terms. This occurs in two stages: real perception -> delusional interpretation.
Delusional intuition/autochthonous
ARise fully formed as a sudden intuition, occur in a single stage.
Also called Wahneinfall.
Delusional mood
Strange, uncanny mood in which the environment appears to be changed in a threatening way, but the significance of the change cannot be understood by the patient who is tense, anxious and bewildered.
Delusional atmosphere
A peculiar blend of anxiety, perplexity and foreboding, led to the emergence of certain delusions. Also known as Wahnstimmung.
Nihilistic Delusion
Feelings of guilt and hypochondriacal ideas are developed to their most extreme, depressive form.
Subjective doubles syndrome
Another person has transformed into themselves - delusional misidentification syndrome
Verbigeration
An obsessive repetition of meaningless words and phrases, especially as a symptom of mental illness.
An example of loosening associations
Hyperschemazia
Pathological accentuation of body image eg pain causing body parts to loom large
Primary delusions
Authochtonous delusion
Delusional atmosphere
Delusional percept
Vorbeireden
Talking past the point - always about to get to the point but skirts around and never get to the point
Logoclonia
Meaningless repetition of a syllable, especially an end syllable of a word
Alogia
Poverty of speech
During repositioning of patient, patient offers initial resistance before allowing him/herself to be repositioned
Waxy flexibility
Repetitive, non-goal-directed motor activity (e.g. finger-play, repeatedly touching, patting or rubbing self); abnormality not inherent in act but in its frequency.
Stereotypy
Spontaneous maintenance of posture (s), including mundane (e.g. sitting or standing for long periods without reacting).
Posturing
Exaggerated cooperation with examiner’s request or spontaneous continuation of movement requested.
Automatic obedience
Patient raises arm in response to light pressure of finger, despite instructions to the contrary.
Passive obedience - mitgehen
Involuntary resistance to passive movement of a limb to a new position. Resistance increases with the speed of the movement.
Muscle resistance, gegenhalten
Kaylee claims her brother who died when she was an infant is not dead but appears in reincarnated form in her male friends
Fregoli syndrome
Schneiderian first rank symptoms
Auditory hallucinations; thought withdrawal, insertion and interruption; thought broadcasting; somatic hallucinations; delusional perception; feelings or actions as made or influenced by external agents
Schizotypal DSM criteria
This pattern of social deficits due to mental distortions and discomfort with close relationships is indicated by at least five of the following:
The individual’s ideas of reference (not including delusions of reference)
He or she has strange beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and that is quite different from subcultural norms (e.g., feelings about superstition, telepathy, “sixth sense”, and generally bizarre fantasies).
The individual has odd perceptual experiences, such as bodily illusions.
He or she has strange thinking and speech habits; for example, the individual is excessively vague or metaphorical.
He or she is excessively suspicious or paranoid.
The individual has inappropriate or restricted feelings.
The individual behaves peculiarly or eccentrically or has an odd appearance.
He or she lacks a closeness with others except with first-degree relatives.
He or she experiences excessive social anxiety even with the comfort of familiar people or places; this anxiety tends to relate to paranoid fears rather than self-consciousness.
Schizoid DSM
He or she doesn’t want nor enjoys close relationships.
He or she almost always chooses independent activities.
The individual has little interest to no interest in becoming sexually active with another person.
He or she doesn’t take pleasure in many or any activities.
The individual lacks close friends other than immediate relatives.
He or she is unmoved by praise or criticism.
The individual shows emotional detachment and/or coldness.
PD that increases risk toward schizophrenia development
Schizoid PD
Type of PD?
Pt referred for social skills training, but does not want to join group because other people make him nervous. Life long pattern of social isolation with no real friends and spends hours worrying that his neighbour may be sending ‘bad vibes’ to upset him. He has constructed affect and his speech is over inclusive.
Schizotypal PD
Delusional disorder subtypes
Subtypes include erotomanic, grandiose, jealous, persecutory, somatic, mixed, and unspecified.
Nihilistic is NOT a subtype
Type of symptom?
I went to the trance party and I tell you ‘I could smell the music.
Synaesthesia -Anomalous blending of the senses in which the stimulation of one modality simultaneously produces sensation
Thoughts are spoken just afterwards
Echo de la pensees
Hearing thought spoken aloud or hearing voices which anticipate what he or she is about to think
Gedankenlautwerden
Vivid mental images occurring without conscious effort when perceiving ill-defined stimuli
Pareidolia
E.g. shapes in clouds
Dream-like fantastic delusional derangement of consciousness, characterized by a kaleidoscopic quality of psychopathological experiences, wherein reality, illusions and hallucinations are merged into one. It is typically accompanied by motor and, in particular, catatonic disturbances.
Oneiroid state
Hygric hallucination
Perception of fluid
Haptic hallucination
Touch
