history of psychiatry Flashcards
AA’s 12 step programme
Bill Wilson
Malarial treatment of neurosyphilids
Wagner Von Jauregg
Capgras Delusion
Raboul-lanchouz
Gestalt therapy
F. Perls
Moral treatment
Philippe Pinel
Social Class and Mental Health
Hollingshead and Redlich
psychodrama
J Moreno
Alcohol Dependency Syndrome
MM Gross and G. Edwards
Crisis intervention
Lindemann and Caplan
Primal therapy
A. Janov
Chlorpromazine
Charpentier and Laborit
Aversion therapy
Rachman and teasdale
psycholinguistics language acquisition device
Naom Chomsky
cognitive dissonance
Leon Fesinger
The Milan School of Systematic family Therapy- circular questioning among family members
Palazzoli et al.
Classification of phobias
Marks
the sick role
Parsons
Marital therapy
Henry Dicks
the myth of the mental illness
szasz
Alexithymia
Nemiah and sifneos
Classification of personality disorders
Gannushkin
Bell and pad treatment of enuresis
Mowrer and Mowrer
Hypnotism
Mesmer
Haloperidol
Janssen Laboritories
First Rank symptoms
Kurt schneider
deliberate self harm and malignant alienation
Morgan
wrote “Asylums” which started the antipsychiatry movement- “total institutions”
Goffman
Hysteria
T. Sydenham
Fregoli Delusion
Corbon and Frail
Syndrome of Intermetamorphosis
Corbon and Turques
BPD
Otto Kernberg
Transitional object
Donald Winnicott
Gate control theory of pain
Melzack and Wall
Critical period of mother-child bonding
Harry Harlow
Lithium
John Cade
LSD
Albert Hoffman
Syndrome of subjective doubles
Christodoulou
Group therapy (psychoanalysis)
led some of the earliest experiments in the 1940s into therapeutic communities in the UK. The Northfield experiments were an attempt to rehabilitate soldiers into the army. At the time these were viewed as unsuccessful and were stopped after six weeks.
Bion
Attachment theory
John Bowlby
Anxiety
Lewis
Agnosia, psychosexual stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Freud
the 4 A’s of schizophrenia - ambivalence, Association defects, affect incongruity and autism
Eugene Bleuler
Autism
Leo Kanner
Clozapine
Kane
Psychobiology
Adolf Meyer
psychopathica sexualis
Richard Von-Kraft Ebbing
MAOIs
Kline
Anti-psychiatry
Basaglia
Imipramine
Kuhn
lobotomy
Egas Moniz
ECT
Cerletti and Bini
Therapeutic community
Maxwell Jones
Illness behaviour
Mechanic
Hypnotherapy
Milton Erickson
Abnormal Illness Behaviour
Issy Pilowsky
called the founder of scientific psychiatry and developed the ideas of two psychoses: dementia praecox and manic depression.
Kraeplin
Note the book ‘dementia praecox/group of schizophrenia’ was later by Eugene Bleuler
General Psychopathology
Karl Jaspers
Effects of discrimination
Fannon
Personal Construct theory
Kelly
HONOS (health of nations outcome scales) and the present state examination
John Wing
Biological Basis of Schizophrenia, type 1 and 2 models of schizophrenia
Tim Crow
Repertory Grid
Bannister
Molecular Basis of Memory
Kandel
monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis
Munro
Reciprocal inhibition + behavioral therapy
Joseph Wolpe
dysmorphophobia
Morselli
Structural family therapy - significant importance on the family hierarchy, rules and boundaries.
Salvadore Minuchin
interpersonal therapy
Sullivan and G. Klerman
negative symptoms
Phenomenology of schizophrenia
Andreasen
Learned helplessness
seligman and maier
Biofeedback
Birk
Diagnostic criteria
Spitzer
Dissociation
Pierre Janet
Social learning
Albert Bandura
DSM 1
Adolf Meyer
huntington’s chorea
Chiu
working class women in Camberwell
Brown and Harris
Analytical psychology
Jung
Pyknic, athletic and asthenic body types
Kretschmer
Cognitive theory of depression
Aaron Beck
Transational analysis
F. Berne
token economies
Allyon and Azrin
Schizo-affective disorder
Kasanin
Individual psychology, inferiority complex
adler
psychiatric genetics
Kety and McGuffin
Exposure therapy
Marks Gelder and Matthews
Ecological theory of suicide
Sainsbury
Schizophreniform psychosis vs schizophrenia
Langfeldt
Sociological theory of Suicide
Emile Durkheim
Valproate’s antimanic properies
Lambert
Parasuicide
Kreitman
Manie sans delire
Pinel
Self theory
Rogers
psychosomatic medicine
F. Alexander
Bilateral Ablation of the PFC causes chimpanzees to become more placid and less anxious
Fulton and Jacobsen
Moral insanity
Pritchard
General adaptation syndrome/biological stress
Hans Selye
distinguished between deprivation and privation
Michael Rutter
attachment and maternal deprivation
John Bowlby
strange situation procedure
Ainsworth
anaclitic depression among children deprived of their primary care giver
René Spitz
adult attachment interview
Mary Main
classified general intelligence into fluid and crystallised intelligence components
Cattell and Horn
two-factor theory posits that all intelligence tests measure both general intelligence (g) and a specific factor (s)
Spearman
Strategic systemic therapy- Reframing and the domino effect. Founded on the assumption that symptoms are maintained by behaviours adopted initially in an attempt to suppress them
Haley
formulation of the client’s difficulties through two ‘triangles’ - the triangle of person and the triangle of defence.
David Malan
defence mechanisms and object relations
Anna Freud
cognitive analytic therapy
Anthony Ryle
Schemas (building blocks of knowledge)
Processes that enable the transition from one stage to another (equilibrium, assimilation and accommodation)
Stages of development:
sensorimotor stage: birth to 18-24m, object permanence
preoperational stage: 2-6yo egocentric, symbolic thought
concrete operational stage: 7-11yo, operational thought
formal operational stage: adolescence to adulthood, abstract concepts
Piaget
11 therapeutic or ‘curative’ factors specific to groups:
Yalom
children are at birth blank slates (tabula rasa) empiricism theory
John Locke
A supporter of the “nature” side of the nature/nurture divide
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
“eight stages of mankind”
Erik Erikson
Interviewed children of varying ages, presenting them with dilemmas, and suggested six stages of moral development.
Lawrence Kohlberg
mirror stage
jaques Lacan
false self
winnicott
projective identification
melanie klein
theory of ‘symbiosis and individuation-separation’.
Margaret Mahler
neurosis originating in the trauma of birth
Otto Rank
neurosis due to sexual frustration and ‘body armour’.
Wilhelm Reich
described eight primary emotions
Plutchik
‘Stockholm syndrome’
Nils Bejerot
parsing
Saffran
behaviourism rat discovered a lever
Skinner
Groupthink
Irving Janis
Type A and B personality
Meyer Friedman and R.H. Rosenman
Attribution theory
Bernard Weiner
The Golden Cage- psychodynamics of anorexia
Hilde Bruch
In this study, more than 50% of ordinary men were capable of inflicting severe shocks on another individual when told to do so by a scientist in a position of authority.
Milgram
He simulated the prison environment with highly selected students arbitrarily assigned either to prisoner or warder roles. The reactions of both groups were so extreme that the experiment had to be stopped after six days, instead of lasting two weeks
Zimbardo
famous paper ‘On being sane in insane places’ got himself admitted to a psychiatric ward and observed the observations and labelling of the psychiatrists and nurses.
Rosenhan
showed how a newly hatched gosling followed a shoebox pulled along on a string to imitate a moving figure.
Lorenz
Founded the York Retreat based on ‘moral therapy’
William Tuke
Developed the ‘rest cure’ for hysteria and neurasthenia
Silas Weir Mitchell
developed the concept of ‘degeneration’ to explain mental illness. This was the idea that mental illness became worse from generation to generation. This became a dangerous concept.
Bénédict Augustin Morel
Wrote ‘Madness and Civilization’
Michel Foucault
first described catatonia, hebephrenia
Karl Kahlbaum
Used camphor to induce therapeutic convulsions- theorised that epilepsy and psychosis were antagonistic
Ladislas J. von Meduna
defined neurasthenia
George Miller Beard
Goodness of Fit: the reciprocal relationship between an infant’s temperament and its environment, which influences a child’s development
the Easy child (40%) - Regular habits, adaptable, emotionally stable
Difficult child (10%) - Irregular habits, slow to adapt, emotional lability
Slow-to-warm-up (40%) - Slow to adapt, suspicious of change.
Thomas and Chess
institutional neurosis
Russell Barton
demonstrated that short-term memory was limited to seven (+/- two) ‘chunks’ of information. This was also corroborated by George Miller in 1956, and the phenomena are sometimes known as Miller’s law.
Ebbinghaus
family systems approach reminds the patient of their ability to retain their individual self against a background of familial tension.
Bowen
introduced the four principles of therapeutic communities (reality confrontation, permissiveness, democracy and communalism) in his 1960 book “Community as Doctor: New Perspectives on Therapeutic Community”.
Robert Rapoport
acute community treatment in Wisconsin
Stein and Test
pain prone patient
G. Engel
this contemporary of freud described the “schizophrenogenic mother”
Fromm-Reichmann
Camberwell Family Interview (Expressed emotion)
Vaughn and Leff
mindfulness-based stress reduction
Jon Kabat-Zinn
greatest good for greatest number
Kenneth Arrow
mirror transferrence (Narcissism)
kohut
therapeutic community
Thomas Main
double blind
bateson
Neuropsychological Battery
Catell
Eysenck
Personality inventory
Bell
Adjustment inventory
Named after a quick change artist
Fregoli syndrome (some person currently present in the deluded person’s environment (typically a stranger) is a familiar person in disguise)
Depressive positioning
Melanie Klein
Collective unconscious
Carl Jung
the three mountains experiment
adaptation and assimilation
Jean Piaget
Introduced the term schizophrenia in 1988
Eugene Bleuler
The divided self
Robert Laing
Morning and Melancholia
Freud
On Death and dying
Kubler Ross
Human sexual inadequacy
Masters and johnson
Living with fear
Isaac Marks
