Psychiatric Nursing Prelim (Lecture) Part 2 Flashcards
Peplau defined anxiety as the initial
response to a
psychic threat
She described four levels of anxiety:
mild,
moderate, severe, and panic
positive state of heightened awareness and
sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new
behaviors and solve problems
- MILD ANXIETY
The person cannot be redirected to a task; he or she
focuses only on scattered details and has
physiological symptoms of tachycardia, diaphoresis,
and chest pain
- SEVERE ANXIETY
Decreased perceptual field
● The person can learn new behavior or solve
problems only with assistance
. MODERATE ANXIETY
● Loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations,
and complete physical immobility and muteness.
● The person may bolt and run aimlessly, often
exposing himself or herself to injury.
PANIC
2 HUMANISTIC THEORY
- Abraham Maslow’s
- Hierarchy of Needs - Carl Rogers
- Client Centered Therapy
focuses on a person’s positive qualities,
his or her capacity to change( human potential), and
the promotion of self-esteem
Humanism; HUMANISTIC THEORY
changed the conventional approach of
therapy to client-centered
Carl Rogers
Focuses on the role of the client, rather than the
therapist, as the key to the healing process
● Believes that each person experiences the world
differently and knows his or her own experiences
best
HUMANISTIC THEORY: CLIENT-CENTERED THERAPY
—a nonjudgmental
caring for the client that is not dependent on the
client’s behavior
Unconditional positive regard
—realness or congruence between what
the therapist feels and what he or she says to the
client
● Genuineness
in which the therapist
senses the feelings and personal meaning from the
client and communicates this understanding to the
client
Empathetic understanding—
2 BEHAVIORAL THEORIES
- Ivan Pavlov’s
- Classical Conditioning - B. F. Skinner’s
- Operant Conditionin
Learning can occur when a stimulus is paired with an
unconditioned response
● Conditioned responses happens when stimulus is
present
The Classical Conditioning by Pavlov
– gain of learned response
Acquisition
– loss of learned response
Extinction
● Rewards and punishments are utilized
● Positive reinforcement- rewards
● Negative reinforcement-
The Operant Conditioning by Skinner
an interpersonal interaction
between the nurse and the client during the nurse focuses on
the client’s specific needs to promote an effective exchange of
information.
Therapeutic communication
7 PRINCIPLES OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
CHARGPP
Concreteness
Honesty
Assistance
Respect
Genuineness
Protection
Permission
Nurse should use clear, specific concrete language
rather than abstractions.
CONCRETENESS
A consistent, open and frank approach promotes
authenticity in the N-P relationship.
● Patient will be more likely to accept and trust a nurse.
HONESTY
● Nurse must exhibit a willing commitment
● Willing commitment conveys that the nurse has
something of value to offer the patient
ASSISTANCE
● Nurse must have an unconditional positive regard for
the patient
● Nonjudgmental acceptance of the patient’s ideas and
beliefs
RESPECT
