Psychiatric Nursing Prelim (Lecture) Part 1 Flashcards
who defines psychiatric nursing as “ an interpersonal
process whereby the professional nurse practitioner assist
an individual, family or community to promote mental
health?
Travelbee
include a person’s biologic
make up, autonomy and independence, self-esteem,
capacity for growth, vitality, ability to find meaning in life,
what factor?
Individual or personal factors
include effective
communication, ability to help others, intimacy, and a
balance of separateness and connectedness.
Interpersonal or relationship factors
include a sense
of community, access to adequate resources, intolerance
of violence, support of diversity among people,
Social/cultural or environmental factors
GENERAL CRITERIA TO DIAGNOSE MENTAL
DISORDERS
DIIIL
Dissatisfaction with one’s place in the world;
● Ineffective coping with life events;
Include dissatisfaction with one’s characteristics, abilities,
and accomplishments;
● Ineffective or unsatisfying relationships;
Lack of personal growth
Insanity was associated with demonic possession
Mental illness was perceived as incurable, and treatment
of the insane was sometimes inhumane and
brutal.
EARLY HISTORY (ANCIENT TIMES)
Often imprisoned or forced to live in streets and beg
for food.
THE MIDDLE AGES
Built in London, England during the 14 t h Century.
FIRST MENTAL ASYLUM: ST. MARY OF BETHLEHEM
Continued skepticism about the curability of mental
illness.
● Asylums became the repositories for
prolonged enclosure of the mentally ill.
THE FIFTEENTH THROUGH SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES
nsane was no longer treated as less than human.
● The concept of asylum developed from the humane
efforts of Pinel and Tuke
THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT
Advocated kindness and moral treatment.
PHILIPPE PINEL (1745-1862
Began a 4-yaer dynasty that advocated humane
treatment of the mentally ill
WILLIAM TUKE (1732-1822)
Renewed theart of suggestive healing that stemmed from
the ancient use of trances, which became the
basis of hypnosis
FRANZ ANTON MESMER (1734-1815)
a form of shock therapy consisting of a rotating,
swinging platform onto which the person was strapped
and moved at high speed;
Gyrator-
Emphasized the need for pleasant surroundings ,
diversional and moral treatment of the mentally i11.
BENJAMIN RUSH (1745-1813)
THE EVOLUTION OF THE PSYCHIATRIC NURSE
THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
First psychiatric hospital in America in
Williamsburg, Virginia. what year?
1772
became the first
US institution to provide humane treatment for
the mentally ill.
1817- Mclean Asylum in Massachusetts
The first American Psychiatric Nurse
● Graduate of New England Hospital for Women
LINDA RICHARDS
Led crusade that brought attention of these conditions to
the public and legislature
DOROTHEA LYNDE DIX (1802-1887)
Devised a classification of mental disorders.
EMIL KRAEPELIN (1856-1926)
Shifted from an emphasis on research in the
pathobiological laboratory to the observation and
research in conditions known as
praecox dementia
and mania.
Developmentof psychoanalysis, psychosexual theories,
and neurosis
SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)
a method that serves as the basis for
treatment and a theory for personality development.
Psychoanalysis-
Coined the term schizophrenia and included its
characteristics the four A’s:
WHO AND WHAT ARE THE 4As
EUGEN BLEULER (1857-1939)
-Apathy,
● -Associative looseness,
● -Autism, and
● -Ambivalence
Initiated psychobiological theory and dynamic concept of
psychiatric care.
ADOLPH MEYER (1866-1950)
Founded analytic psychology.
CARL GUSTAV JUNG (1875-1961)
● Had been treated for mental illness.
Contributed to preventive care though his classic
work, A Mind That Found Itself, published in 1908.
CLIFFORD BEERS (1876-1943)
Objected to Freud’s notions that neurosis and
personality development were based on biological drives.
KAREN HORNEY (1885-1952)
Postulated the Hypothesis of interpersonal theory
and the development of multidisciplinary approaches
to psychiatric and milieu therapy
HARRY STACK SULLIVAN (1892-1949)
A deliberate shift from institutional care in state
hospitals to community facilities.
HARRY STACK SULLIVAN (1892-1949)
number of admissions to those beds correspondingly
increased by 90%. Such findings have led to the term
revolving door effect
FIRST PSYCHIATRIC NURSING TEXTBOOK
“Nursing Mental Diseases”
● Written by Harriet Bailey in l 920
Developed a model for psychiatric nursing practice
● Wrote the book “Interpersonal Relationship in
Nursing” (1952),
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
THE DIAGNOSTIC ‘‘BIBLE’’ OF PSYCHIATRY
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM)
Clinical disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, major
depression, bipolar disorder)
Axis I:
General medical conditions that relate to axis I or
II or have bearing on treatment (e.g., neoplasms,
endocrine disorders)
Axis Ill
Severity of psychosocial stressors (e.g.,
divorce, housing, educational issues)
Axis IV
Personality or developmental disorders (e.g.,
paranoid and borderline personality disorders, mental
retardation)
Axis II:
Global assessment of functioning, on a scale of 0
to100 (e.g., score of 30 means that the patient’s
behavior is highly influenced by delusions and hallucinations)
Axis V:
State of well being, where a person can
realize his potential
Mental Health=
disturbance of thought, feelings and
behavior
disturbance of thought, feelings and
behavior
medically diagnosable illness
Mental Disorder
Science which deals with measures
employed to promote mental health
Mental Hygiene
This theory supports the notion that EVERY human
behavior is caused and can be explained
PSYCHOSEXUAL/PSYCHOANALYTICAL
Freud believed that the human personality functions
at three levels of awareness:
conscious,
preconscious, and unconscious
