Psychiatric Disorders in Children Flashcards
Intellectual Disability
Significantly subaverage intellectual functioning with an IQ of 70 or less
Defecits in adaptive skills appropriate for the age group
Onset must be before the age of 18
Males affected 1.5x more often
85% are considered mild 55-70
Most common cause of retardation
Fragile X syndrome (FMR-1 gene)
TORCH
Toxoplasma Other Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes Simplex
Learning Disorders
Achievement in reading, mathematics or written expression that is significantly lower than expected for chronogic age , level of education or intelligence level
Cannot be explained by sensory deficits, poor teaching or cultural factors
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
At least 6 months of negative, hostile and defiant behavior with at least 4 of the following
Frequent loss of temper Arguments with adults Defying adults rules Deliberately annoying people Easily annoyed Anger and resentment Spitefullness Blaming others for mistakes or behaviors
Conduct Disorder
A persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or social norms are violated.
Aggression towards people
Destruction of property
Deceitfulness or Theft
Serious Violations of rules
More common in boys.
UP TO 40% will go on to develop ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
ADHD
Inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity greater than expected for age of development. There are 3 subcategories of ADHD: Innatentive, Hyperactive, Impulsive and a combined type
Must have symptoms that persisted for 6 months , present at a degree that is maladaptive, onset prior to age 7,
Innatentive: Careless mistakes, difficulty sustaining attention, difficulty listening, does not follow instructions, lacks organizational skills, easily forgetful and easily distracted.
Hyperactive/Impulsive: Restessness, difficulty engaging in quiet activities, appears as though driven by a motor, excessive talking, blurts out answers
Tx of ADHD
Central Nervous System Stimulants: Methylphenidate compounds (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate, Fecalin), detroamphetamine (Dexedrine), Amphetamine Salts (Adderall)
Atomoxetine
Alpha 2 Agonists (Clonidine, Guanafacine).. Used if CNS stimulants cannot be used
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Groups of conditions that involve problems with social skills, language and behaviors. Impairment is noticeable at an early age of life and involves multiple areas of development
Autistic disorder
Asperger syndrome
Rett disorder
Childhood disintegrative disorder
AUtistic Disorder
Must be present before age 3 and include 6 symptoms:
Problems with social interaction
Impairments in communication
Repetetive and stereotyped patterns of behavior and activities.
Asperger Syndrome
Restricted social interaction and restricted or stereotyped interests and behaviors. No significant delay in spoken or receptive language, cognitive development, self-help skills, or curiosity about the environment.
Rett Disorder
normal physical and psychomotor development during the first 5 months after birth followed by decreasing rate of head growth and loss of previously learned purposeful hand skills between ages 5 and 30 months.
Stereotypical “Wringing of the hands”
Associated with the MECP2 gene mutation on X Chrmosome. Typically lethal in utero to males, mainly only seen in women.
Childhood Disintigrative Disorder
Normal Development for the first 2 years of life but loss of previously learned skills by age 10. Either, language, social or adaptive behavior. Bowel/bladder control.
High rate of EEG abnormality and seizure disorder.
Tourette Syndrome
Tics : Sudden repetetive non-rhythmic stereotyped involuntary movements or vocalizations. Onset must be before 18 yo.
Coprolalia : repetitive speaking of profane words
Echolalia: exact repetition of words
Elimination disoders (
Enuresis: Involuntary voiding of urine after age 5 for at least 3 consecutive months.
Encopresis: Involuntary or intentional passage of feces in inappropriate places by age 4
