Psychedelics Flashcards
What are the adverse effects of psychedelics?
-A “bad trip” which includes paranoia, anxiety, damage to oneself or others - “Set and setting” the content of the experience has a tremendous impact on the quality of the experience
-Flashbacks induce hallucinogen persisting perception disorder so if you haven’t had the drug for months and you have effects –> may be due to high lipid solubility
What are anticholingergics?
-They are scopolamine (manage and treat post-operative nausea and vomiting) and ACh antagonists
-Sometimes found in motion-sickness preparations
What are catecholaminelike?
-They are enactogens because they have combined stimulant and psychedelic effects that have side effects of increased energy, sociability, hyperthermia, increased BP, tachycardia, hallucinations
-Are DA, NE, and 5-HT agonists
What are the catecholaminelike drugs?
-Mescaline
-Myristicin
-Elemicin
-Synthetics
-Derived from amphetamine: DOM, MDA, MDE, TMA, AMT, 50MeO-DIPT, MDMA
What is myristicin and elemicin?
-Found in nutmed and mace, respectively
-Oral tea that can result in euphoria, hallucinations, disorientations, nausea, vomiting, tremors
What are methylated amphetamines?
-These are synthetics that are very potent and highly toxic*
-Has less visual hallucinations
-Stimulate DA, NE, and 5-HT release/receptor that cause intense euphoria, feelings of empathy, “oneness”
-DOM is 100x more potent than mescaline
-MDA/MDE/DMA/TMA are “designer psychedelics”
-AMT has a slow onsent
-5-MeO-DIPT has a rapid onset
What is MDMA?
-Has general effects of warmth, empathy, openness, increased sociability, heightened tactile stimulation
-Adverse effects are that it is sympathomimetic, can cause hyperthermia, and bruxism (teeth grinding)
-Increase release of DA, NE, 5-HT via reuptake mechanism
What is ketamine?
-A dissociative anesthetic that has medical uses for pediatric anesthesia, asthma/COPD, etc
-Has no bp or respiratory effects
What is dextromethorphan?
-Synthesized in the search for a cough suppressant that was less addictive than codeine
-Opriate derivative*
Psilocybin
-It comes from naturally occurring mushroom species and ingesting it creates psychedelic and hallucinogenic effects
-Binds to 5-HT receptors and should not be taken with serotonergic drugs
-It is unregulated and can vary in potency
DMT
-A compound found in various plants, animals, and humans that is used as a mind-alerting drug
-Has intense, brief experience that lasts around 15. mins
-Intense and visually immersive hallucinations
-Significantly reduced MDD in a study
-Studies are in the works to research if DMT-assisted therapy can be used in MDD, PTSD, and addiction treatment
LSD
-LSD is a psychedelic drug used for recreational and religious purposes
-Can lead to alterations in mental state and perception, some of which can be long-lasting if used too often
-It is not found to be addictive but regular usage can be dangerous
The NMDA antagonist class of psychedelics was initially developed as
Anesthetics
The use of psychedelics is not recommended for people who have a history of
Schizophrenia
Ketamine is a/n __________________ psychedelic.
NMDA antagonist
Melscaline is commonly derived from
Peyote cactus
The catecholaminelike psychedelics have major effects on the following neurotransmitters:
Serotonin and dopamine
The molecular structure of LSD is very similar to that of
Serotonin
LSD is derived from
Ergot
What is the psychedelic class of mescaline?
Enactogen
Which of the following is NOT a serotoninlike psychedelic?
PCP
LSD has been studied as a treatment for all of the following EXCEPT:
Cancer
What is the legal status of peyote in the U.S.?
It is protected under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act for use by members of the Native American Church
PCP is a/n
Glutamate antagonist
