psych unit two Flashcards

1
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg

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2
Q

embryo

A

the developing human organism through the second month

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3
Q

fetus

A

the developing human organism from 9 weeks to birth

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4
Q

teratogen

A

a factor which causes malformation of an embryo

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5
Q

schema

A

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
have a puppy- schema for dogs… call cats a “dog” bc of schema

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6
Q

assimilation

A

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
-i.e. realizes that a cat isn’t a dog just because it has four legs

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7
Q

accomodate

A

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
-i.e. term “dog” is too broad

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8
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

Ages birth- two years
Taking in world through senses and motor activity
Hallmarks of this stage

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9
Q

Preoperational stage

A

Ages 6-7
Represent things with words/images but not mental operations
Hallmark of this stage
Pretend play
Egocentrism: difficulty in taking another’s POV

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10
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

Ages 7-11
Start to grasp some mental opperations
Hallmarks of this stage

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11
Q

Formal operational stage

A

Ages 12+
Reasoning expands to encompass more abstract thinking

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12
Q

Object permanence:

A

awareness that objects exist even if you cant see them; opposite of “out of sight out of mind” (birth- 6/8 months) this is why peekaboo works age birth- two years

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13
Q

Theory of mind

A

The ability to put yourself in someone else’s shoes develops at around 18 months (video where child and woman were looking at the volcano)

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14
Q

Conservation

A

change in area doesnt mean a difference in volume (putting water in a slimmer glass making it appear like there is more) ages 7-11

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15
Q

Secure

A

confident, reciprocal, non reactive, resilient

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16
Q

Anxious:

A

emotional, hunger, fantasy bond, lack of nurturing

17
Q

Avoidant:

A

isolation, ambiguity, ambivalence, emotionally distant

18
Q

Disorganized:

A

: internal, conflict, dramatic, unpredictable, ambivalence

19
Q

Authoritarian:

A

focus on obedience, punishment over discipline

20
Q

Authoritative:

A

create positive relationship, enforce rules

21
Q

Permissive:

A

don’t enforce rules, “kids will be kids”

22
Q

Neglectful:

A

Provide little guidance, nurturing, or attention

23
Q

adolescence

A

identity vs role confusion

24
Q

rem

A

rapid eye movement

25
vivid dreams
rem
26
Circadian rhythm
our biological clock; bodily cycles for things like temperature and sleep that occur in a 24-hour cycle
27
brain waves during sleep
alpha waves- kinda awake delta waves- deeper form of sleep
28
Why do we sleep?
Evolutionary protection Brain Recuperation Restore memories Feeds creativity Supports growth
29
Insomnia
- trouble falling/staying asleep
30
Narcolepsy
- Sleep attacks that are sudden, short, but often happen in emotional times
31
Sleep apnea
- stopping breathing while sleeping
32
Sleepwalking-
Sitting, walking, or speaking during sleep
33
Night terrors
Appeared terrifie, talking nonsense, sitting/ walking during sleep
34
metacognition
tracking and evaluating mental processes “thinking about thinking”
35
prototype
a primary example of a category
36
Algorithm
Step-by-step process Often slower but less error-prone
37
Heuristics
Mental shortcut Speedier but more error-prone
38