psych unit two

Question 1

zygote

Answer 1

fertilized egg

Question 2

embryo

Answer 2

the developing human organism through the second month

Question 3

fetus

Answer 3

the developing human organism from 9 weeks to birth

Question 4

teratogen

Answer 4

a factor which causes malformation of an embryo

Question 5

schema

Answer 5

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
have a puppy- schema for dogs… call cats a “dog” bc of schema

Question 6

assimilation

Answer 6

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
-i.e. realizes that a cat isn’t a dog just because it has four legs

Question 7

accomodate

Answer 7

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
-i.e. term “dog” is too broad

Question 8

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 8

Ages birth- two years
Taking in world through senses and motor activity
Hallmarks of this stage

Question 9

Preoperational stage

Answer 9

Ages 6-7
Represent things with words/images but not mental operations
Hallmark of this stage
Pretend play
Egocentrism: difficulty in taking another’s POV

Question 10

Concrete operational stage

Answer 10

Ages 7-11
Start to grasp some mental opperations
Hallmarks of this stage

Question 11

Formal operational stage

Answer 11

Ages 12+
Reasoning expands to encompass more abstract thinking

Question 12

Object permanence:

Answer 12

awareness that objects exist even if you cant see them; opposite of “out of sight out of mind” (birth- 6/8 months) this is why peekaboo works age birth- two years

Question 13

Theory of mind

Answer 13

The ability to put yourself in someone else’s shoes develops at around 18 months (video where child and woman were looking at the volcano)

Question 14

Conservation

Answer 14

change in area doesnt mean a difference in volume (putting water in a slimmer glass making it appear like there is more) ages 7-11

Question 15

Secure

Answer 15

confident, reciprocal, non reactive, resilient

Question 16

Anxious:

Answer 16

emotional, hunger, fantasy bond, lack of nurturing

Question 17

Avoidant:

Answer 17

isolation, ambiguity, ambivalence, emotionally distant

Question 18

Disorganized:

Answer 18

: internal, conflict, dramatic, unpredictable, ambivalence

Question 19

Authoritarian:

Answer 19

focus on obedience, punishment over discipline

Question 20

Authoritative:

Answer 20

create positive relationship, enforce rules

Question 21

Permissive:

Answer 21

don’t enforce rules, “kids will be kids”

Question 22

Neglectful:

Answer 22

Provide little guidance, nurturing, or attention

Question 23

adolescence

Answer 23

identity vs role confusion

Question 24

rem

Answer 24

rapid eye movement

Question 25

vivid dreams

Answer 25

rem

Question 26

Circadian rhythm

Answer 26

our biological clock; bodily cycles for things like temperature and sleep that occur in a 24-hour cycle

Question 27

brain waves during sleep

Answer 27

alpha waves- kinda awake
delta waves- deeper form of sleep

Question 28

Why do we sleep?

Answer 28

Evolutionary protection
Brain Recuperation
Restore memories
Feeds creativity
Supports growth

Question 29

Insomnia

Answer 29

• trouble falling/staying asleep

Question 30

Narcolepsy

Answer 30

• Sleep attacks that are sudden, short, but often happen in emotional times

Question 31

Sleep apnea

Answer 31

• stopping breathing while sleeping

Question 32

Sleepwalking-

Answer 32

Sitting, walking, or speaking during sleep

Question 33

Night terrors

Answer 33

Appeared terrifie, talking nonsense, sitting/ walking during sleep

Question 34

metacognition

Answer 34

tracking and evaluating mental processes “thinking about thinking”

Question 35

prototype

Answer 35

a primary example of a category

Question 36

Algorithm

Answer 36

Step-by-step process
Often slower but less error-prone

Question 37

Heuristics

Answer 37

Mental shortcut
Speedier but more error-prone