psych unit 4 AOS 2

Question 1

mental disorders

Answer 1

severe emotional and/or behavioural impact

Question 2

mental health problem

Answer 2

disruption to an individuals usual level of social and emotional wellbeing

Question 3

dual continuum model is determined by

Answer 3

subjective sense of mental wellbeing, whether or not we are living with a mental disorder

Question 4

flourishing mental state

Answer 4

optimal wellbeing in which a person feels good and functions effectively

Question 5

languishing mental state

Answer 5

experiencing low levels of positive emotions and low level of psychological and social functioning

Question 6

resilience

Answer 6

a persons ability to respond adaptively to stressful life events and cope with uncertainty

Question 7

3 internal factors

Answer 7

genetics, physical fitness, self-esteem

Question 8

3 external factors

Answer 8

physical environment (unsanitary conditions) , biological environment (maternal stress, drug and alcohol intake), social environment (unhealthy interpersonal relations)

Question 9

stress

Answer 9

inability to cope with current events, psychological and physiological

Question 10

anxiety

Answer 10

anticipation of future events, emotional

Question 11

phobia

Answer 11

intense and irrational fear of specific object, situation, etc

Question 12

biological contributing factors

Answer 12

GABA dysfunction, LTP

Question 13

GABA dysfunction

Answer 13

GABA is inhibitory neurotransmitter (decease the likelyhood of post neuron to fire), which calm and slow neural transmission reducing body’s response to stress, therefore low levels may make unable to regulate FFFR, increasing chance of anxiety and phobias

Question 14

LTP

Answer 14

strengthening of synaptic connections (as the neural pathway is repetitively used) within neural circuits between the neocortex, amygdala and hippocampus, specific phobias are learned and strengthened with experience

Question 15

psychological contributing factors

Answer 15

classical conditioning, operant conditioning, cognitive biases

Question 16

cognitive biases

Answer 16

memory bias - tendency to remember certain info over other, catastrophic thinking - overestimating potential dangers and assuming the worst

Question 17

social contributing factors

Answer 17

specific environmental triggers, stigma around seeking treatment

Question 18

specific environmental triggers

Answer 18

traumatic event, modelling behaviour

Question 19

biological interventions

Answer 19

GABA agonists, breathing retraining

Question 20

GABA agonists

Answer 20

anti-anxiety medications like benzodiapines which facilitate the binding of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to receptors in the CNS, only a short term solution as does not treat underlying causes of phobia and have serious side effects such as addiction or fatigue

Question 21

breathing retraining

Answer 21

identifying incorrect breathing habits and replacing with correct ones, controlled breathing causes physiological changes that counteract sympathetic response e.g blood pressure and heart rate

Question 22

psychological interventions

Answer 22

psychotherapy - CBT, systemic desensitisation

Question 23

cognitive behavioural therapy

Answer 23

teaches one to apply cognitive behavioural strategies to recognise and change negative and unproductive patterns of thinking and behaving e.g identify issue, identify negative thinking, change way of thinking, learn techniques or skills to alter behaviour

Question 24

systemic desensitisation

Answer 24

uses counter-conditioning to reduce anxiety, involves learning relaxation technique (breathing, imagery) and practicing while psychologist exposes client to feared stimulus by systematically increasing intensity of experience

Question 25

social interventions

Answer 25

psychoeducation, not encouraging avoidance behaviours

Question 26

psychoeducation

Answer 26

individual and family provided with info to understand and manage condition e.g teach skills to adapt to living with person, help families understand illness to reduce stigma, help families challenge unhelpful thoughts

Question 27

not encouraging avoidance strategies

Answer 27

avoidance strategies prevent exposure to phobic stimulus and are maladaptive because it. is not an attempt to remove fear response, suffers family and supporters should not criticise or encourage behaviour but provide more adaptive alternatives in a supportive environment

Question 28

biological protective factors

Answer 28

adequate diet (nutrition improves body and brain, lessens emotional impacts of physical conditions caused by unhealthy diet) , adequate hydration (water is needed to make neurotransmitters and homies, dehydration can affect mood), adequate sleep (inadequate sleep caea changes in emotions, difficulty concentrating, etc)

Question 29

psychological protective factors

Answer 29

cognitive behavioural strategies, mindfulness mediation

Question 30

cognitive behavioural strategies

Answer 30

help recognise effects of negative or unproductive patterns, if they change the way they think they can change behaviour, helps strengthen resilience, e.g teaching relation or breathing techniques

Question 31

mindfulness mediation

Answer 31

focusing on breathing with thought, feelings, sensations and experiencing them freely as the arise and without judgment, dial down body’s response to stress
attention: tune in with your experiences to focus on present moment, acceptance: observe feelings and sensations without judgment

Question 32

social protective factors

Answer 32

seeking support. to avoid isolation is an important method of coping with stress, support should be:
energising: provide you with enthusiasm and determination to complete a task
authentic: someone who truely listens to and connects with others experience