Psych Test 3 Flashcards
You just ran a marathon in hot weather and perspired. According to drive reduction theory your body will have a ________ for water, which will produce a __________ for water, which will lead to a ________ to get water.
need; drive; motivation
You stayed up all night to study for an exam. Then you slept for 7 hours after the test. Your sleeping behavior was regulated by the body’s tendency to maintain
Homeostasis
According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, optimum performance is achieved when one is
moderately anxious
All of the following are associated with anorexia EXCEPT
binging and purging
A girl is terrified of becoming heavy, but she is of normal weight. She often consumes up to 5,000 calories in one sitting. She uses laxatives and diuretics to purge the calories
bulimia nervosa
From Maslow’s perspective, motivation is primarily the result of
satisfying basic needs before moving to higher needs
The highest and most elusive of Maslow’s needs is
self-actualization
Many teachers offer prizes for students who read the most books. Over the summer they don’t read as much. This may be due to a lack of
extrinsic motivation
Goals that are short term, specific, and challenging lead to
greater achievement
Research on delayed gratification indicates that the best way to resist temptation is
to focus on activities other than the forbidden activity.
Which system is responsible for calming of the body?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Someone is interested in working in government intelligence. A polygraph is part of the interview. He’s worried, but his friend says the tests are infallible. Is his friend right?
No, anxiety can cause false positives.
A couple is at a picnic and a bear invades their space. According to James Lange
they will run away and then experience fear as a result of the changes in their bodies.
The Cannon-Bard Theory predicts that after witnessing a shocking event, a person will
experience physical and emotional reactions simultaneously.
A teacher is conducting an experiment asking her students to hold a pen between their teeth or a pen between their lips. After 5 minutes who held the pen between their teeth reported being happier. This strongly supports the
facial feedback hypothesis
What effect, if any, does engaging in altruistic behavior have on ones wellbeing?
it increases happiness
According to Freud the ego is referred to as a mediator because
it must balance the needs of the id, superego, and reality.
A person was in an auto accident and his brother and passenger were killed. He was not hurt, but can’t remember the details. What defense mechanism is this?
repression
Someone has been fascinated by fire, knows it is dangerous and decided to become a firefighter. Freud would say his fascination with fire
has been sublimated into a socially desirable behavior.
If youhad to write a research paper on ego defense mechanisms, what’s a good summary?
the use of defense mechanisms can be beneficial to psychological health.
According to Jung, the deepest impersonal layer of the conscious mind that is shared by all humans is called
collective unconscious
Emotionally laden ideas and images that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people.
archetypes
According to Adler, people are primarily motivated by
their desire to overcome perceived shortcomings.
A counselor believes her clients have the innate ability to make good choices. She accepts them and wants her clients to learn to evaluate themselves not based on others opinions. What kind of counseling is she providing?
humanistic counseling
According to humanistic theory a child who receives ___________ from her parents is likely to avoid the problems associated with ___________.
unconditional positive regard; conditions of worth.
Which is not one of the big 5?
empathy
According to the 5 factor model of personality, a person who is anxious and insecure is high on ___________.
neuroticism
Which of the following concepts is associated with Bandura?
observational learning
Someone was interviewed with a local bank and required to take the MMPI, and she wonders about it. As a psychology major what would you tell her?
It is often used by employers as a hiring tool.
Someone is doing a research paper on projective personality tests. What conclusions should she draw regarding the Rorschach?
Many psychologists have questioned the reliability and validity of the test.
A client is asked to look at a picture and tell a story. She is likely taking the
Thematic Apperception Test
Of all the big 5 traits, _________ is probably the most important in terms of health and longevity.
Conscientiousness
What aspect of type A behavior is most strongly related to heart disease?
hostility
While sex typically refers to differences in the biology in males and females, gender typically refers to differences attributed to
socialization
The term _________ refers to experiencing one’s psychological gender as being different from ones physical sex.
transgender
Although born with female sex organs, she has always felt uncomfortable being a girl. Interests and activities are masculine so she might be diagnosed with
gender identity disorder
Research on new born and infant preferences in terms of gender related items supports the _________ approach
biological
Those who adhere to the ________ perspective examine gender development by looking at how experience influences the formation of a person’s sense of gender.
social cognitive
A mental framework for understanding what is considered appropriate behavior from males and females is called
gender schema
An expectation of how a woman or man should think, act, and feel, is referred to as
gender role
The difficulty that many divorced fathers experience when trying to gain custody may be due to
gender stereotyping
The research data on gender differences in general intellectual ability suggests
there are no systematic differences between males and females.
A girl is telling her best friend that Kelsey will kiss any boy that asks her to. This girl is engaging in
relational aggression
The strongest difference between males and females are evident in the areas of
sexuality and aggression
The direction of ones erotic interest refers to a person’s
sexual orientation
The occurrence of homosexuality ranges from ____ % of the population.
2-10
Although homosexual couples tend to report higher levels of relationship satisfaction they are more likely to
break up
With orgasm comes the release with the neurotransmitter
oxytocin
A man who is overweight wants to start an exercise program. According to the theory of reasoned action what is a critical factor for his success?
Having the belief that his friends will like what he is doing.
In the stages of change model, a key factor that differentiates the ________ is awareness that a particular behavior is problematic.
contemplation stage from the action stage
If a woman with a smoking problem were in the _______ stage, the best intervention would be to inform her about the dangers of this behavior. If she were in the ______ stage you would do well to provide her with specific skills.
precontemplation; preparation
In the stages of change model, a person is experiencing ))))))))) when conscious attention is no longer required to maintain the new behavior
transcendence
Who is experiencing the benefits of social support?
Ava, who joined a weight wathcers club.
WHich of the following is NOT true when speaking of the relationship between religion and health?
religious involvement causes improvement in health.
The circumstances that threaten a person or tax their coping abilities are called
stressors
What is the sequence of stages in the GAS?
alarm, resistence, exhaustion
What is NOT correct concerning the relationship between the immune system and stress?
Acute stressors produce enhanced immune system functioning.
A serge in ___________ caused by severe emotional distress may contribute to one’s risk of a heart attack.
adrenaline
Which of these is n accurate description of the relationship between stress, the immune system and cancer?
physiological effects of stress inhibit immune responses to cancer.
Which is LEAST associated with successful coping?
educational level.
Which of the following statements about optimism and coping is FALSE?
optimists avoid paying attention to news that is negative.
Smoking contributes to all of the following EXCEPT
death from accidents
What is the name of the manual that psychologists use to classify mental disorders?
DSM-IV-TR
Anxiety disorders involve fears that are
all of these
Someone with sudden attacks of intense fear, heart races, feels faint, trouble catching breath. Sounds like he has
panic disorder
A fear becomes a phobia when?
an individual will go to any length to avoid the phobia.
Someone who believes she must touch the door, nob 7 times to prevent her mother from getting ill.
touching the door nob
Someone who was in a serious car accident is fully recovered but has extreme anziety and won’t go near the sight of the accident
post-traumatic stress disorder
Which physiological approach will attribute a person’s depression to scale negative and self-defending thoughts?
cognitive thoughts
Roommate hasn’t slept too much in the past days. she says she is on top of the world…next week is depressed… What is the diagnostic?
bipolar disorder
Someone recently returned home after being gone for 4 months. She has no memory associated with these months. She is most likely experiencing…
dissociative fugue
A woman who offends others, is not able to read emotions accurately, and shows little emotions herself….is most likely
suffering from schizophrenia
A man believes that he is not the most skilled fisherman. When he is out in the lake, thousands of people are watching his moves to find out a secret. this is an example of
Schizophrenia delusion
What kind of thinking involves scribing personal meaning to completely random events?
Referential
Which of the following is a necessary criteria for a diagnosis of personality disorder?
chronic maladaptive behavior
A man’s ex-wife informs him that his son has been killed at a car accident. The man responds by saying “now I don’t have to pay child support.” He is suffering from..
antisocial personality disorder
Individuals with borderline personality disorder display…
hyper-vigilance
Psychotherapy are primarily used to treat…
all of these
From Freud’s psychodynamic perspective, what is the best way to gain into a person’s core problems?
bring unconscious conflicts into a conscious awareness.
A psycho dynamic therapist is working with a man who suffers from mood and anxiety problems. When asked to talk about the problems, the man changes the subject. What would the therapist say is going on?
resistance
Which of the following is NOT recognized by Rogers as one that is essential for human growth?
active listening and reflective speech/unconditional positive regard/empathy and genuineness
Two key assumptions of the _______ approach to therapy are that disorders are learned the same way as normal behaviors and can be treated with learning principles.
behavioral
The second step in systematic desensitization is
putting the list of fears in order of severity.
if a therapist gives an alcoholic a nausea-inducing drug, he is using
aversive conditioning
a cognitive therapist helps a client who suffers from a major depressive disorder by
getting the client to recognize and identify irrational and self-defeating beliefs.
A therapist challenges her client by saying, “so what if your fiance left you and married your roommate? Does that mean you’re not a good person?” Which perspective is this?
Rational-Emotive
It’s a cognitive therapy technique where the client rates her emotions in order to gain perspective on the situation.
scaling
A therapist asked the client to imagine a large X when she begins to think about things that make her anxious. This is an example of what technique?
thought stopping
A major advantage to group therapy is that clients
have more opportunity to develop social skills.
Your family therapist believes that to understand your problems she has to understand the role you play in the family system. Which statement supports this?
problems of the individual are often caused by problems in the family
Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy has found…
all of these
Based on a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of psychotherapy, what percentage of clients report improvement?
70%
Which statement best reflects the impact that psychotherapy for depression may have on heart disease?
Depression and heart disease are correlated and the risk can be reduced by treating depression.
