Psych Terminology PPT Flashcards
Differentiate classical conditioning from operant conditioning.
Classical: Ex, Pavlov’s dog story, Jim pranks Dwight with Altoids on The Office
Operant: positive and negative reinforcement - Sheldon training Penny on The Big Bang Theory
Define affect
Our outward expression of feelings and emotions
Define agoraphobia
Anxiety disorder in which you fear and avoid places or situations that might cause you to panic and make you feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed
Define akathisia
Characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and a compelling need to be in constant motion
Give examples of akathisia
Rocking while standing or sitting, lifting the feet as if marching on the spot, and crossing and uncrossing the legs while sitting
Define alogia
Poor thinking inferred from speech and language usage. There may be a general lack of additional, unprompted content seen in normal speech. Replies to questions may be brief and concrete, with a reduction in spontaneous speech
Define anhedonia
Inability to enjoy experiences or activities that normally would be pleasurable
Define avolition
Lack of motivation or ability to do tasks or activities that have an end goal (paying bills, attending school)
Define cataplexy
Sudden and transient episode of muscle weakness with full conscious awareness - typically triggered by emotions such as laughing, crying, or terror
Define catatonia
Neuropsychiatric condition that affects both behavior and motor function resulting in unresponsiveness in someone who otherwise appears to be awake
Define cogwheel rigidity
Muscular rigidity that produces a ratcheted resistance to passive movement of the limbs in people who have Parkinson’s disease. May also be a side effect of antipsychotic drugs such as the phenothiazines
Define compulsion
Repetitive, rule-based behavior that a person feels they must perform in order to feel normal and in some cases to prevent negative consequences
Define defense mechanism
Psychological strategies by the unconscious mind to manipulate, deny, or distort reality in order to defend against feelings of anxiety and unacceptable impulses and to maintain one’s self-schema
Define delirium
Serious disturbance in mental abilities that results in confusion and reduced awareness of environment
Define delusion
Belief that is clearly false that indicates an abnormality in the affected person’s content of thought. The false belief is not accounted for by the person’s cultural or religious background or level of intelligence
Define depersonalization
Detachment within self, regarding one’s mind, body, or identity. Subjects feel they have changed and the world has become vague and dreamlike, lacking in significance or being outside reality while looking in
Define detachment
Inability to connect to others on an emotional level as well as a means of coping with anxiety by avoiding certain situations that trigger it
Define dissociation
Psychological experience in which people feel disconnected from their sensory experience, sense of self, or personal history
Define dysphoria
Profound state of unease or dissatisfaction
Define dysthymia
Chronic form of depression. Pt may lose interest in normal daily activities, feel hopeless, lack productivity, have low self-esteem, and feel inadequate
Define ego
Component of personality that is our conscious decision-making process. The id is the instinctual, biological component, and the superego is the social component of our personality and conscience
Define enuresis
Voiding of urine in clothing 2+ times per week for 3+ consecutive months, in children > 5 y/o in the absence of CNS defects
Define euphoria
State of great happiness which may be normal or abnormal when associated with psychoactive drugs, manic states, brain disease or injury
Define excoriation
Mental illness related to OCD. Characterized by repeated picking at one’s own skin resulting in lesions and causing significant disruption in one’s life
Define flight of ideas
Rapid, continuous succession of superficially related thoughts and ideas manifest as hurried speech with frequent abrupt shifts in topic
Give examples of when flight of ideas may be seen.
Common in a manic episode and occasionally seen in other disorders, including schizophrenia
Define global assessment of functioning (GAF)
Used to rate severity of a mental illness. Measures (scale 1-100) how much a person’s symptoms affect day-to-day life
Define grandiosity
Unrealistic sense of superiority, characterized by a sustained view of one’s self as better than others, disdainfully viewing them as inferior; and accompanied by the belief that few other people have anything in common with oneself, and that one can only be understood by a few, very special people
Define auditory hallucination
Person may hear someone speaking or telling them to do certain things – most common hallucination
Define gustatory hallucination
Tastes are often strange or unpleasant (often a metallic taste) – relatively common in epileptics
Define hypnagogic hallucination
A vivid dreamlike hallucination that occurs when a person is falling asleep
