Psych Stats

Question 1

Which of the following is true for a symmetrical distribution?

a. the mean, median, and mode are all
b. mean = median
c. mean = mode
d. median = mode

Answer 1

mean = median

Question 2

For a negatively skewed distribution with a mode of X 25 and a median of 20, the mean is probably

A greater than 25
b. less than 20
c. between 20 and 25
d. cannot be determined from the information given

Answer 2

less than 20

Question 3

A distribution is positively skewed. Which is the most probable order for the three measures of central tendency?

a. mean = 40, median = 50, mode = 60
b. mean = 60, median = 50, mode = 40
c. mean = 40, median = 60, mode = 50
d. mean = 50, median = 50, mode = 50

Answer 3

mean = 60, median = 50, mode = 40

Question 4

refers to a set of mathematical procedures for organizing, summarizing, and interpreting information.

Answer 4

statistics

Question 5

are used to organize and summarize the information so that the researcher can see what happened in the research study and can communicate the results to others

Answer 5

statistics

Question 6

help the researcher to answer the questions that initiated the research by determining exactly what general conclusions are justified based on the specific results that were obtained.

Answer 6

statistics

Question 7

entire group that a researcher wishes to study is called a ___

Answer 7

population

Question 8

is the set of all the individuals of interest in a particular study.

Answer 8

population

Question 9

a set of individuals selected from a population

Answer 9

sample

Question 10

is a set of individuals selected from a population, usually intended to represent the population in a research study

Answer 10

Sample

Question 11

is a characteristic or condition that changes or has different values for different individuals.

Answer 11

variable

Question 12

the measurements or observation

Answer 12

Data

Question 13

is a collection of measurements or observations

Answer 13

data set

Question 14

is a single measurement or observation and is commonly called a ____

Answer 14

datum (singular)

score or raw score

Question 15

describes a population

Answer 15

Parameter

Question 16

Describes a sample

Answer 16

Statistic

Question 17

is a value, usually a numerical value, that describes a population. A parameter is usually derived from measurements of the individuals in the population

Answer 17

parameter

Question 18

is a value, usually a numerical value, that describes a sample. It is usually derived from measurements of the individuals in the sample.

Answer 18

statistic

Question 19

are statistical procedures used to summarize, organize, and simplify data.

Answer 19

Descriptive statistics

Question 20

consist of techniques that allow us to study samples and then make generalizations about the populations from which they were selected.

Answer 20

Inferential statistics

Question 21

is the naturally occurring discrepancy, or error, that exists between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter.

Answer 21

Sampling error

Question 22

A researcher is interested in the sleeping habits of American college students. A group of 50 students is interviewed and the researcher finds that these students sleep an average of 6.7 hours per day. For this study, the average of 6.7 hours is an example of a(n)

a. parameter

b. statistic

c. population

d. sample

Answer 22

Statistic

Question 23

2. A researcher is curious about the average IQ of registered voters in the state of Florida.

The entire group of registered voters in the state is an example of a

a. sample

b. statistic

c. population

d. parameter

Answer 23

Population

Question 25

Statistical techniques that summarize, organize, and simplify data are classified as a. population statistics b. sample statistics c. descriptive statistics d. inferential statistics

Answer 25

descriptive statistics

Question 26

In general, a research study and statistical techniques are used to summarize the data from statistical techniques are used to determine what conclusions are justified by the results. a. inferential, descriptive b. descriptive, inferential c. sample, population d. population, sample

Answer 26

descriptive, inferential

Question 27

IQ tests are standardized so that the average score is 100 for the entire group of people who take the test each year. However, if you selected a group of 20 people who took the test and computed their average IQ score you probably would not get 100. What statistical concept explains the difference between your mean and the mean for the entire group? a. statistical error b. inferential error c. descriptive error d. sampling error

Answer 27

sampling error

Question 28

two different variables are observed to determine whether there is a relationship between them.

Answer 28

correlational method

Question 29

relationship between the two variables is usually measured and described using a statistic

Answer 29

correlation

Question 30

cannot demonstrate the cause and effect relationship

Answer 30

correlational method

Question 31

We can say that changes in one variable are accompanied by changes in a second variable, but we can not say why.

Answer 31

Nonexperimental

Question 32

demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.

Answer 32

Experimental

Question 33

two distinct research methods that both produce groups of scores to be compared:

Answer 33

Experimental Nonexperimental

Question 34

one variable is manipulated while another variable is observed and measured. To establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables, an experiment attempts to control all other variables to prevent them from influencing the results

Answer 34

experimental method

Question 35

These are characteristics such as age, gender, and intelligence that vary from one individual to another.

Answer 35

Participant Variables

Question 46

are internal attributes or characteristics that cannot be directly observed but are useful for describing and explaining behavior.

Answer 46

Constructs

Question 51

there are an infinite number of possible values that fall between any two observed values. It is divisible into an infinite number of fractional parts.

Answer 51

continuous variable

Question 52

are the boundaries of intervals for scores that are represented on a con-tinuous number line.

Answer 52

Real limits

Question 53

-for example, the number of children in a family or the number of students attending class. If you observe class attendance from day to day, you may count 18 students one day and 19 students the next day. However, it is impossible ever to observe a value between 18 and 19. It may also consist of observations that differ qualitatively.

Answer 53

discrete variable

Question 54

is at the top of the interval

Answer 54

upper real limit

Question 55

is at the bottom.

Answer 55

lower real limit

Question 56

"having to do with names." It involves classifying individuals into categories that have different names but are not related to each other in any systematic way

Answer 56

Nominal

Question 57

For example, if you were measuring the academic majors for a group of college students, the categories would be art, biology, business, chemistry, and so on.

Answer 57

Nominal