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AAMC FL#4 > PSYCH SOC > Flashcards

PSYCH SOC Flashcards

1
Q

this kind of learning process by which person learns a behaviour or response to avoid a stressful or unpleasant situation

A

avoidance - behaviour where you learn to avoid or remove oneself from the situation - experience the absence of punishment

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2
Q

escape and avoidance are what type of conditon behaviour

A

aversive control

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3
Q

with ____ learning you have an element of surprise, thrown into situation and have to escape - you already exp the aversive stimulus

A

escape

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4
Q

this learning - you hear the fire alarm and aovid the fire breakout - learn behavour or response to not exp the aversive stimulus

A

avoidance

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5
Q

when anticipating aversive events and viewing fear induced pictures what system control this

A

sympathetic - also incr skin conductivity - anticipation, startle response,

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6
Q

when a person learns to respond differently to various stimulu its called

A

stimulus discrimination

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7
Q

if particiapants are presented with numbers but they had to respond correctly in order to receive the incentive what are the numbers functioning as

A

discriminatory stimuli

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8
Q

unconditioned stimuli elecit a —–

A

reflexive response

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9
Q

_____ this approach holds that actual outcomes determine the behaviour not cognitions regarding the potential outcomes

A

behaviourist

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10
Q

the behaviourist approach deals with how _____ factors affect observable behaviour and does/not take into account for thoughts/feelings

A

environmental, NOT

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11
Q

this theory is the bridge between behavioural and psychoanlytic (mental) theory

A

COGNITIVE - how an individual’s thoughts and beliefs influence their feelings and behaviors.

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12
Q

_______ refers to any motivation that results from incentives to perform a behaviour that are not inherent to the behaviour itself

A

extrinsic motivation

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13
Q

______ is a broader term that acc includs external motivation

A

extrinisic motivation

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14
Q

this kind of motivation stems form perosn drives, goal, and fulfillment - students studies bc they want to

A

intrisic motivation

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15
Q

this kind of motivation is when you want a reward or to avoid punishment - other ppl factors - ex student stuidies os get scholarhsip

A

extrinsic motivation

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16
Q

extrinsic motivation includes both

A

punishers and reinforcers

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17
Q

this refers to the gap bw persona actual self and ideal self

A

incongruence

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18
Q

this is described as: desire to reach ones goals creates a drive that individuals are motivated to fulfill

A

autonomous motivation - self initiating behaviours that are tied to ones values and goals

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19
Q

this refers to the error people make when they ignore the base rates (prior probabilities) when evaluating the probablities of events (freq) - librarian

A

base rate fallacy - you think something is true, but you are ignoring the fact that there is NO possible way it can be true due to the stats of it occurring.

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20
Q

this is when you really believe something despite there BEING EVIDENCE

A

belief perservance

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21
Q

this bias is when youre like i knew it all along, tendency for person to overestimate how well they successful predict oucome

A

hindsight bias

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22
Q

this bias part of the observeers recording the data, no ebing blind,

A

oberver

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23
Q

this is refers to reason the next scientist are testing the intial drug - replicate

A

public verifiability

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24
Q

Base rate fallacy - When you ignore the actual data and go ahead with categorizing people using representative heuristic

A

Base rate fallacy -

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25
Q

: actively seek out only confirming facts.

A

Confirmation bias

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26
Q

: if we succeed it is due to internal qualities, if we fail it is due to external qualities.

A

Self-serving bias

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27
Q

: bad things happen to others but not us.

A

Optimism bias

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28
Q

: first impression/information is more important/easier to remember.

A

Primacy bias

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29
Q

: assuming others share the same belief as us.

A

Projection bias

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30
Q

: the situation will stay normal, nothing bad will happen

A

Normalcy bias

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31
Q

: memory isn’t reliable, it has been reconstructed.

A

-Reconstructive bias

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32
Q

when a participant drops out of a long term study or experiment.

A

Attrition bias:

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33
Q

: self reported information is vulnerable to this. Thinking subjectively not objectively.

A

Subjective bias

34
Q

: a bias that we are unaware of, unconsciously influences our decisions.

A

Implicit bias

35
Q

: tendency to think certain ways. Causes deviation from rational thinking and good judgement.

A

Cognitive bias

36
Q

: tendency to overstress changes between the past and present in order to make oneself appear more worthy or competent than one actually is.

A

Egocentric bias

37
Q

: occurs when people make a decision based on the way the information is presented, as opposed to just on the facts themselves.

A

Framing bias

38
Q

: the tendency to excessively depend on automated systems.

A

Automation bias

39
Q

: when participation is voluntary so it might skew results

A

voluntary response bias

40
Q

similar idea but when they self select into a specific group, so people of a certain characteristic might participate in a study compared to others.

A

self-selection bias:

41
Q

is a fallacy or error in decision making where people judge that a conjunction of two possible events is more likely than one or both of the conjuncts.

A

The `Conjunction Fallacy’ - ex. I most likely have both the flu and pneumonia.

42
Q

: when individuals complete the same assessment more than once, which affects their responses on subsequent assessments

A

Test-retest bias

43
Q

the retin functions to

A

detect light rays and convert them into signals for the brain to process

44
Q

the ___ and ____ can accomodate and focus the incoming light rays

A

cornea and iris

45
Q

______ support th elens and maintains shape of the entire eye

A

virteous humour

46
Q

what provides oxygen and nutrients to the eye

A

blood vessels

47
Q

this concept says that women are not able to advance in their porfession as quick as male

A

glass ceiling - obstacles for women and minorities

48
Q

this concept says that men are promoted and advance in their profession much more quickly than female specificaly in female dom (school)

A

glass escalator - men arent even seeking it man - most for hetereo white men

49
Q

this is when refer to people tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual function

A

functional fixedness - not being vreative

50
Q

_____ this is rule of thumb, strategy or mental shortcut - ____ refers to how readly info is avaible to retreive this info memory

A

heuritic, avail heurisitic

51
Q

low response rate raises questions to

A

if other responsepdant differ nonrespondednts

52
Q

dispositional factors is just another word

A

positive, or internal factors (self serving bias)

53
Q

if team building then it measn

A

they are part on smae team - one group - follow in group characterisitics

54
Q

is it says ppl should work pro bone that means they are

A

altruisic - read pass

55
Q

_____ this theory implies that labels applied to indi influence their behaviours - they are placed in social catgeories and - could be stigmatized category

A

labelling - social stigma, stigamtic roles, deviant roles

56
Q

enhance students learning of school norms and peer values - what concept related to

A

socialization

57
Q

group affiliation is greatest when members of participants in group share

A

similar outlooks, knowledge, preferences, skills, and cultural capital

58
Q

in order to classify behaviour as abnormal look at

A

violation of social norms, stat rarity, personal distress, and maladaptiveness (neg impacts perosn life) === depends on the situation given

59
Q

gen vs stagnation is what kind of adult

A

middle (40-65)

60
Q

intimacy vs isolation refers to what adults

A

young adults 20-40

61
Q

integrity vs despari refers to what adults

A

elderly- 65+

62
Q

role of repeated exposure to violence inc reating violent scripts known as

A

schemeas

63
Q

explain james lange theory

A

event – physio – emotion

64
Q

explain schacter singer theory

A

event –physio – cog—emotion

65
Q

explain lazarus cog mediational theory

A

arousal (snake) – appraisal of threat – fear/heart pounding

66
Q

this kind of learning takes place in social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction

A

social learning

67
Q

what kind of attitude componenet: ppl were asked indicate their level of agreement with statement that assert their beliefs about gender and family

A

cognitive - read the pass

68
Q

if men and women consume the same alcohol with same roles then it will challenge the hypoth about test

A
69
Q

any kind of info that it autobiographic will be

A

episodic

70
Q

assesment of alcohol use can be done my

A

withdrawl symptoms - specifci , others like agression, impair memory, difficuly with impulse control can have other factors

71
Q

BIG 5 THEORY

A

OCEAN - openness, conscientess (planning, responsibility), extroversion, agreaables, neurotiscm (insecuirty, anxiety)

72
Q

this term is when applying a term for one class of objects to other objects that bear only a superficial resemblance

A

overextension

73
Q

when person sees moth like a butterfly on her dress shoes, hairbows that resemble the shape of butterfly she says butterfly - what happening

A

overextension

74
Q

___ this explain when child is adding word to vocab

A

name explosion

75
Q

this is term used when initial stages of grammar - learn word meaning using syntactic categories and language structure

A

bootstrapping - with this can gain inferences about word meanings

76
Q

Uunder use of services like healthcare, depression, demntia, alcohol bc of

A

social stigma - what will ppl ay - these conditions mentioned are noted for stigmitization

77
Q

this involves the inability to suppress unwanted or inapporpriate behaviour like the rowdy or risk taking

A

disinhibiton - relate to how alchol use binge drinking cause prevetable injuries

78
Q

the meaning of assimilation is that peros will ___ the customs - norma and values so also their health outcomes like life extecnacy would approximate to rest of ppl too

A

adopt

79
Q

auditory hair cells are what type of receptors

A

mechanoreceptors - stereocillia

80
Q

___ these receptors are found in carotid bodies and the aortic arch - detect the presence of chemicals

A

chemoreceptors

81
Q

these are usu located in hypothalamus and detect the change in osmotic pressure

A

osmoreceptors

82
Q
A

AAMC FL#4 (3 decks)

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