Psych/Soc

Question 1

What is Fundamental Attribution Error?

Answer 1

It is someone’s tendency to attribute another’s actions to their character or personality but attributing their behavior to external situational factors.

Question 2

What is dispositional attribution error?

Answer 2

It is when someone assumes the cause of behavior to some internal characteristic of a person, rather than to outside forces.

Question 3

What is the difference between Binocular and Monocular depth Cues?

Answer 3

Binocular involves visual information from both eyes. Monocular depth cues are only from one eye.

Question 4

What is motion parallax?

Answer 4

Motion parallax is the fact that objects moving at constant speed across the frame will appear to move a greater amount if they are closer to the observer than if they were at a greater distance.

Question 5

What is convergence? In regards to sight

Answer 5

Convergence is the extent that two eyes are turned inward to perceive a single object.

Question 6

What is alogia?

Answer 6

Pretty interesting concept. Some people are shy and don’t enjoy talking. Alogia takes this to an extreme. It is also known as poverty of speech. It is a difficulty with speaking or the tendency to speak little due to brain impairment.

Question 7

Drive Reduction Theory is…

Answer 7

…meant to help motivate humans to perform certain actions to avoid uncomfortable state.
Primary Drives include basic needs for life (food, water, etc.)
Secondary Drives (typically stem from learning, like wanting social acceptance or money)

Question 8

Expectancy Value Theory is…

Answer 8

… the amount of motivation for a task is based on chance of success (expectancy) and the amount the success is valued (value)

Question 9

Opponent Process Theory best explained by this example…

Answer 9

Motivation behind Drug Use: The more drug use increases, the more the body counteracts its affects.

Question 10

Self-Determination Theory says…

Answer 10

We have 3 universal needs: Autonomy (control of your own actions), Competence (excel and complete tasks), and Relatedness (desire to be wanted and accepted by others)

Question 11

Push Factor

Answer 11

A negative factor that leads people to leaving a nation.

Question 12

How can I tell the independent variable from the dependent variable?

Answer 12

The independent variable is what you change and the dependent variable is what changes because of that.

Question 13

What does Ego-syntonic mean?

Answer 13

All personality disorders are ego-syntonic. THis means they perceive their behavior as correct and in harmony with their goals. They often do not believe they have a problem.

Question 14

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 14

The cerebellum is involved with motor control.

Question 15

What is the function of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 15

This is otherwise known as the cerebrum. It works with high-order cognitive processes.

Question 16

What are the high-level cognitive functions?

Answer 16

These are the executive processes like attention, planning, problem-solving, and decision-making.

Question 17

Zero-sum game

Answer 17

A situation where if one party loses, the other wins so the net change in wealth is zero

Question 18

Comparative Pessimism

Answer 18

A person thinks they have a higher risk than others or are worse off. For example, someone seeing everyone around them would cause comparative pessimism.

Question 19

Somatic Symptom disorder

Answer 19

Presence of a symptom that may or may not be linked to underlying condition and then a person devotes a bunch of time and anxiety to it

Question 20

What is the SCN? Where is it? What does it do?

Answer 20

SCN is the suprachiasmatic nucleus and it is located within the hypothalamus to control sleep. When light is received by the eyes, the SCN will downregulate melatonin production from the pineal gland while if there is not much light received, it will upregulate melatonin production.

Question 21

What are the parvo and magno pathways of the brain?

Answer 21

The parvo pathway detects color and form and it travels from the retina to the ventral layers of the LGN. The magno pathway detects depth and motion and it travels from the retina to the dorsal layers of the LGN.

Question 22

Longitudinal Study

Answer 22

Data gathered at multiple time points to detect risk factors or outcomes

Question 23

Cross-sectional Study

Answer 23

Data gathered at one point in time and it can determine prevalence of an outcome in a population

Question 24

What are the otolith organs and what is their function?

Answer 24

They are utricle and saccule and they sense gravity and linear acceleration. This allows us to sense ddirection of the linear acceleration and the tilt of the head.

Question 25

What is a stupid synonym for retinal disparity?

Answer 25

Stereopsis, the distance between the two eyes causes slightly different images to be projected onto the retinas.

Question 26

How long is each sleep cycle?

Answer 26

About 90 minutes with the last one being where dreaming most frequently occurs

Question 27

What does the monoamine hypothesis say?

Answer 27

it says that the depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine) in the CNS directly causes depression symptoms

Question 28

Anhedonia means…

Answer 28

…loss of pleasure. Stimulation of the body’s reward pathway (nucleus accumbens) would be expected to alleviate this feeling

Question 29

Where are tropic hormones released from?

Answer 29

Anterior Pituitary

Question 30

Bowlby’s Attachment Theory

Answer 30

1. Pre-attachment: birth to 6 weeks, no preference
2. Attachment-in-the-making: 6 weeks to 7 months, preference for caregiver
3. Clear-cut attachment: 7 to 10 months, attachment to one specific caregiver
4. Reciprocal Attachment: after 10 months, separation anxiety occurs

Question 31

Parts of the Forebrain

Answer 31

Cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, limbic system, olfactory bulb

Question 32

Parts of the Midbrain

Answer 32

The colliculi, tegmentum and cerebral peduncles

Question 33

Parts of the hindbrain

Answer 33

Upper part of spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum

Question 34

Cerebrum

Answer 34

Largest part of the brain, composed of right and left hemispheres
Performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement.

Question 35

Cerebellum

Answer 35

Under the cerebrum and it coordinates muscle movement, maintains posture and balance

Question 36

Brainstem

Answer 36

Relay center between the cerebrum/cerebellum and the spinal cord.
Breathing, HR, body temp, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, swallowing

Question 37

Thalamus

Answer 37

Relay center
pain sensation, attention, alertness, memory

Question 38

Hypothalamus

Answer 38

4 F’s: Fornication (sexual response), Fight, Fight, Feed
Also, sleep

Question 39

Pituitary Gland

Answer 39

Controls other endocrine glands and secretes hormones that control sexual development, promote bone and muscle growth, and respond to stress

Question 40

Olfactory Bulb

Answer 40

receive information about smells from the nose and send it to the brain by way of the olfactory tracts

Question 41

Colliculi

Answer 41

Orient the head and eyes toward something seen and heard
Superior gets auditory info from the inferior
Auditory info is meshed with visual info present to make ventriloquism effect

Question 42

Medulla oblongata

Answer 42

Bottom part of brain, conduit for nerve signals to and from body, helps control vital processes as well

Question 43

Pon

Answer 43

Part of brainstem, handles unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing

Question 44

Cerebellum

Answer 44

Helps coordinate and regulate a wide range of functions and processes in both your brain and body