Biology

Question 1

Which sides of the heart have deoxygenated or oxygenated blood?

Answer 1

The left side had the oxygenated blood while the right side had the deoxygenated blood.

Question 2

Where is blood first recieved?

Answer 2

Blood is first recieved in the atrium

Question 3

Which are the semilunar valves?

Answer 3

Pulmonary and aortic valves

Ventricles contract to move blood through the semilunar valves. Ventricles contract from the bottom upwards

Question 4

Another name for the SA node

Answer 4

Natural pacemaker

Question 5

The order of the Cardiac conduction

Answer 5

SA -> AV -> Bundle of His -> Purkinje fibers

Question 6

What occurs during systole?

Answer 6

Contraction
Blood is squeezed from AV into ventricle during atrial systole
Blood is squeezed from ventricles into vasculature into ventricular systole

Question 7

What occurs during diastole?

Answer 7

Dilation
Semilunar closed
Heart relax, chambers open
Blood fills heart

Question 8

Where is blood pressure comparatively?

Answer 8

Blood pressure is higher in the aorta than in the superior vena cava. It is also higher in the artery than in the veins or capillaries.

Question 9

Capillaries

Answer 9

Small, Thin-walled
Easy diffusion
Helps in thermoregulation
Functions as the connections between veins and arteries

Question 10

Where do arteries and veins go?

Answer 10

Arteries bring blood away from the heart while veins bring the oxygenated blood to the heart.

Question 11

What happens to the arterioles when the body needs to cool?

Answer 11

When the body needs to cool the arterioles dilate allowing more blood to flow to capillaries.

Question 12

Fun Fact about Red Blood Cells

Answer 12

Red blood cells lack a mitochondria so they don’t undergo aerobic respiration.

Question 13

What are veins and arteries?

Answer 13

Arteries are muscular and elastic vessels while veins are vasculature with valves.

Question 14

Pregnancy Trimesters

Answer 14

The first trimester lays down the basic structures of the body, including the limb buds, heart, eyes, and the liver. The second trimester continues the development of all of the organs and systems. The third trimester exhibits the greatest growth of the fetus and culminates in labor and delivery.

Question 15

Macrophage

Answer 15

A type of white blood cell that works in inflammatory and immune responses. It is phagocytic.

Question 16

How do chemotherapy drugs work?

Answer 16

Chemotherapy drugs interfere with the cell cycle by blocking mitosis or causing DNA instability to initiate apoptosis. Ribose is generated by the pentose phosphate pathway so this pathway is the most effective in terms of chemotherapy.

Question 17

What are the 5 bone types?

Answer 17

Long - hand feet arm leg
Flat - Skull
Irregular - vertebrae
Short - wrist bone, ankle bone
Sesamoid

Long bones have yellow marrow while flat bones have red bone marrow

Question 18

What is the difference between variable expressivity and codominance?

Answer 18

Variable expressivity is different manifestations of the same genotype while codominance is multiple alleles of the same gene being expressed.

Question 19

How do ketone bodies work?

Answer 19

When the brain uses ketone bodies instead of glucose, the ketone bodies become acetyl CoA which is an easy conversion because they already come from excess acetyl coenzyme A.

Question 20

What do spliceosomes do?

Answer 20

Remove introns from mRNA after mRNA synthesis

Question 21

What type of polymerase is used in PCR?

Answer 21

Taq polymerase which uses a large excess of each nucleotide

Question 22

How does gastrin work?

Answer 22

A decrease in pH means an increase in acid production. Gastrin release slows down and eventually stops as the pH gets lower in the stomach.

Question 23

How does chyme work?

Answer 23

Chyme is acidic so if it is transported quickly, then there will be a rapid drop in pH. Pancreatic enzymes need alkaline pH for proper function or the lipid digestion will be impaired.

Question 24

What does the vagus nerve do?

Answer 24

The vagus nerve is part of the parasympathetic NS that releases acetylcholine at the pre and postsynaptic synapses.

Question 25

Ghrelin is the…

Answer 25

…hunger hormone!

Question 26

How does the knee jerk reaction take place?

Answer 26

Knee jerk reactions have a nervous loop that goes from patellar tendon to the spinal cord. Sense of touch, reasoning ability, and eye muscle control are functions in the brain

Question 27

Relationship between body temp and rate of diffusion

Answer 27

Lower body temperature decreases the rate of diffusion by decreases KE. Increasing surface area would increase the rate of diffusion.

Question 28

What would happen to a person without a gallbladder?

Answer 28

Since the Bile is used to emulsify the fats, when a person is lacking a gallbladder they would struggle to absorb fats so it would be secreted in the stool

Question 29

Steps of Electrical Conduction of the heart

Answer 29

1. At P, SA node is triggered and there is atrial depolarization
2. At PQ there is a impulse delayed at the AV node to fill the ventricles
3. At QRS, there is depolarization of ventricles and atrial repolarization
4. At ST the ventricular depolarization is complete, start of ventricular repolarization
5. At T there is ventricular repolarization
6. Ventricles fill and repolarization is done