Biochemistry Flashcards
What is Reverse Transcriptase?
Think of Reversing Transcription. Transcription is the option of making mRNA from DNA. The reverse of that is RNA to DNA.
Reverse transcriptase has the ability to transcribe RNA to DNA.
What is DNA Polymerase?
This is a high-yield concept to be remembered. Basically, DNA becomes DNA. DNA polymerase had the ability to synthesize DNA from a DNA template. By mere logic, this is why RNA polymerase has the ability to make RNA from an RNA template.
Types of Enzymes
LIL HOT
Ligase: joins together w/ energy
Isomerase
Lyase: break apart w/out H2O
Hydrolase: break apart w/ H2O
Oxidoreductase
Transferase: Transfer functional groups
What is Vmax? What is Km?
Vmax: highest possible velocity at full enzyme saturation (y axis)
Km: substrate concentration at half of the Vmax (x axis)
What is the relationship between Km and the affinity for the substrate?
When the Km increases, the affinity for the substrate decreases.
Note: when 1/Vmax or -1/Km gets closer to zero, the Vmax and Km get larger respectively.
If the inhibitor prefers the enzyme, the Km will increase. If the inhibitor prefers the complex, the Km will decrease.
Competitive Inhibitor
The Vmax stays the same, the Km increases.
Inhibitor binds to the active site.
Noncompetitive Inhibitor
The Km stays the same and the V max decreases.
The inhibitor is binding to an allosteric site.
Uncompetitive Inhibitor
Both Vmax and Km decrease.
Inhibitor binds to the enzyme-substrate complex.
Bicarbonate carries … in the blood and also functions as a …
Bicarbonate carries CO2 in the blood and also functions as a buffer system to maintain the pH.
As the airflow in the lungs decreases, …
… Blood flow decreases.
What is the enzyme responsible for turning CO2 into carbonic acid (H2CO3)?
Carbonic anhydrase
