Psych References for key info Flashcards
Carron and Hausenblas 1998
Described the difference between a group and a team
Cartwright and Zander 1968
Defined Group Dynamics
‘The nature of groups, the laws of their developments and interrelations with individuals, other groups and larger institution’
Steiner 1972
Group Effectiveness Concept
Actual productivity = potential productivity - process losses
to maximise group effectiveness you need to improve potential productivity and minimise process losses.
Gill 1984
The best individuals make the best team
Windmeyer and Loy 1981
Perspectives for considering group composition
Amount of group resources
Variability of group resources
Compatibility
Contrasting with other research They also found that homogeneity in ability was positively associated with team effectiveness in female tennis players - emphasising it is sport specific.
Give examples for each of the following
Amount of group resources
Variability of group resources
Compatibility
Amount of group resources - Amount of skill Variability of group resources - variability in skills and attributes - Homogeneous vs heterogeneous -- heterogeneous is more successful/ Compatibility - The fit between group members
Weinberg and Gould 2011
However the importance of individual ability will decrease as the importance for coordination increases
also defined ringlemann effect
Costa and Macrae 1992
The Five Factor Personality Model
OCEAN
What does the acronym OCEAN stand for and who designed it
OCEAN
Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extra-version Agreeableness Neuroticism
Costa and Macrae 1992
What Personality factor would give way to being a leader.?
Extroversion
Judge et al 2002
What 3 factors effect Group Environment?
Physical environment
group territory
Group size
Define Ringlemann Effect and who defined it
The phenomenon by which individual performance decreases as the number of people in the group increases
Weinberg and Gould 2011
Ingham et al 1974
Reduced motivation, due to a decreasing sense of personal accountability was deemed the most important factor.
Karau and Williams 1993
The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually.
Carron and Eys 2012 found 4 things that increase social loafing
An individuals output can’t be evaluated individually - hidden or lost in the crowd
An individual perceives their effort is redundant
Low personal or group bailed placed on the task
No comparison against group standards available
Others are expected to perform well.
