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Pharmacology > Psych: Psychiatric Drugs > Flashcards

Psych: Psychiatric Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Anxiolytic Benzodiazepine Drugs?

A
  • Benzodiazepines (“azepam” or “azolom”)
    • Diazepam
    • Lorazepam
    • Midazolam
    • Clonazepam
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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Benzodiazepines?

A

What is the mechanism of action for Benzodiazepines?

  • Potentiate GABAA – mediated inhibition
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3
Q

What are the side effects of Benzodiazepines?

A

What are the side effects of Benzodiazepines?

  • Ataxia
  • Dizziness
  • Somnolence
  • Fatigue
  • Memory difficulties
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4
Q

Name the Anxiolytic Barbiturate drug?

A

Name the Anxiolytic Barbiturate drug?

  • Phenobarbital
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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Phenobarbital?

A

What is the mechanism of action of Phenobarbital?

Potentiate GABAA – mediated inhibition

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6
Q

What are the side effects of Phenobarbital?

A

What are the side effects of Phenobarbital?

  • Sedation
  • Ataxia
  • Confusion
  • Dizziness
  • Decreased Libido
  • Depression
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7
Q 
What class of drug is Buspirone
and what is the mechanism of action?
A 
What class of drug is Buspirone
and what is the mechanism of action?
  • Anxiolytic
  • Serotonin 5-HT1A receptor
  • Partial Agonist
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8
Q

What are the side effects of Buspirone?

A

What are the side effects of Buspirone?

  • Dizziness
  • Confusion
  • Headache
  • Blurred vision
  • Nervousness
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9
Q

What are the Typical Antipsychotics?

A

What are the Typical Antipsychotics?

  • Try to Fly High (High potency)
    • ​Trifluoperazine
    • Fluphenazine
    • Haloperidol (NMS, Tardive dyskinesia)
      • ​NMS - “FEVER!”
  • Cheating Thieves are Low (Low potency)
  • Cholarpromazine (Corneal deposits)
  • Thioridazine (reTinal deposits)
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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action

for Typical Antipsychotics?

A

What is the mechanism of action

for Typical Antipsychotics?

  • Antagonize Dopamine D2 receptors (↑ [cAMP])
  • Chlorpromazine
    • Antagonize α-adrenergic
    • Antagonize Cholinergic
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11
Q

What are the side effects to Typical Antipsychotics?

A

What are the side effects to Typical Antipsychotics?

  • Parkinsonian symptoms
  • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
  • Tardive dyskinesia (involuntary, repetative, body movements)
  • Anticholinergic symptoms
  • Orthostatic HyoTN, Hyperprolactinemia (esp. w/ Halo.)
  • Weight gain
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12
Q

What are some Atypical Antipsychotic drugs?

A

What are some Atypical Antipsychotic drugs?

  • Its Atypical for Old Clozets to Quitetly Risper from A to Z
  • Olanzapine
  • Clozapine
  • Quetiapine
  • Risperidone
  • Aripiprazole (Dopamine system stabilizer)
  • Ziprasidone
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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action

for Atypical Antipsychotics?

A

What is the mechanism of action

for Atypical Antipsychotics?

  • Antagonize Dopamine D2 and Serotonin 5-HT2 receptors
  • Clozapine and Olanzapine also antagonize Dopamine D4 receptors
  • Quetiapine / Ziprasidone also blocks H1 Histamine
  • Aripiprazole is a D2 and 5-HT1 partial Agonist
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14
Q

What are the side effects of Atypical Antipsychotics?

A

What are the side effects of Atypical Antipsychotics?

  • Mild extrapyramidal symptoms
    • ​Tardive symptoms, Dystonia (cont. spasm), Akathesia (motor restlessness), Parkinsonism
  • Anticholinergic symptoms
    • ​Flushing, Dry skin, Mydriasis (pupil dilation), Loss of Accomodation, Altered Mental Status (AMS), Fever
  • Sedation
  • Ziprasidone = Long QT
  • Weight gain (Olanzapine and Clozapine)
  • Agranulocytosis (Clozapine, req’s weekly monitoring)
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15
Q

What are the SSRI drugs?

(Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors)

A

What are the SSRI drugs?

  • Sertraline
  • Paroxetine
  • Fluoxetine (can also be used for Bulimia Nervosa)
  • Citalopram
  • Escitalopram

(Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors)

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?

A

What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?

  • Inhibit re-uptake of Serotonin –> Increase Synaptic Serotonin lvls
  • Takes 4-6 weeks before start to see the effect
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17
Q

What are the side effects of SSRIs?

A

What are the side effects of SSRIs?

  • Serotonin syndrome (when used concomitantly with an MAOI, other SSRIs, or SNRIs, St. John’s Wart, Kava Kava, Tryptophan, Cocaine, Amphetamines)
  • Sexual dysfunction (loss of Labidio, Anorgasmia)
  • GI distress
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18
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Serotonin syndrome?

A

What is the clinical presentation of Serotonin syndrome?

  • Hyperthermia
  • Hyperreflexia
  • Myoclonus
  • Autonomic instability
  • Flushing
  • Diarrhea
  • Mental status change
19
Q

How do you Tx Serotonin syndrome?

A

How do you Tx Serotonin syndrome?

  • Cool the pt. down
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Cyproheptadine
20
Q

What are the SNRI drugs?

(Serotonin-Norepinephrine Re-uptake Inhibitors)

A

What are the SNRI drugs?

  • Venlafaxine
  • Duloxetine (also used for Chronic Pain conditions, Neuropathic pain, Fibromyalgia)
  • Desvenlafaxine

(Serotonin-Norepinephrine Re-uptake Inhibitors)

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of SNRIs?

A

What is the mechanism of action of SNRIs?

  • Inhibit Serotonin re-uptake at the Synapse
  • Inhibit Norepinephrine re-uptake at the Synapse
22
Q

What are the side effects of SNRIs?

A

What are the side effects of SNRIs?

  • HTN
  • Sweating
  • Weight Loss
  • GI distress
  • Blurred vision
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
23
Q

What is the name of the Atypical Antidepressant drugs?

A

What is the name of the Atypical Antidepressant drugs?

  • Bupropion (used for smoking cessation and anti-depressant)
  • Mirtazapine
  • Trazadone
24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Bupropion (NDRI)?

A

What is the mechanism of action of Bupropion (NDRI)?

  • Weakly inhibit uptake of Serotonin
  • Inhibit re-uptake of Norepinephrine, and Dopamine
25
Q

What are the side effects of Bupropion?

A

What are the side effects of Bupropion?

  • Tachyarrhythmia
  • Pruritus
  • Sweating
  • Rash
  • Dyspepsia
  • Constipation
  • Dizziness
  • Seizure risk (Bullimics - mal nutritioned)
  • BUT it does not cause Sexual dysfunction
26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Mirtazapine?

A

What is the mechanism of action of Mirtazapine?

  • NaSSA (Noradrenergic and Specific Seretonergic Antidepressant)
  • α-2 Antagonist
  • α-2 are on the presynaptic nerve terminals on Adrenergic neurons
  • Stimulate release of α-2, inhibits further Norepinephrine release
  • Inhibiting stimulation causes an increase in Norepinephrine
27
Q

What are the side effects of Mirtazapine?

A

What are the side effects of Mirtazapine?

  • Sedation
  • Increased appetite
  • Weight gain
  • Dry mouth
28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Trazadone?

A

What is the mechanism of action of Trazadone?

  • Inhibits Serotonin re-uptake
  • Useful for Insomnia
29
Q

What are the side effects of Trazadone?

A

What are the side effects of Trazadone?

  • Sedation
  • Priapism (persitant painful penile erection)
30
Q

What are the TCA drugs?

A

What are the TCA drugs?

  • Amitriptyline (also used for Fibromyalgia and Neuropathic pain) –> Nortriptyline
  • Imipramine (also used for Enuresis – bed wetting) –> Desipramine
  • Clomipramine (also used for OCD)
  • Doxepin
  • Amoxapine
31
Q

What is the mechanism of action for TCAs?

A

What is the mechanism of action for TCAs?

  • Inhibit Serotonin and Norepinephrine re-uptake
32
Q

What are the side effects of TCAs?

A

What are the side effects of TCAs?

  • Heart Block
  • Bloating
  • Constipation
  • Xerostomia
  • Dizziness
  • Somnolence
  • Urinary retention
33
Q

What is the Clinical presentation of TCA overdose?

A

What is the Clinical presentation of TCA overdose?

  • Convulsions
  • Coma
  • Cardiotoxicity
  • Respiratory depression
  • Hyperpyrexia (super high fever)
  • Confusion and Hallucination (Delirium)
  • Tx: Sodium Bicarbonate to excrete in Urine
34
Q

What are the MAOI drugs?

A

What are the MAOI drugs?

  • “MAOi Takes Pride in Shang-hi”
  • Iproniazid
  • Moclobemide
  • Befloxatone
  • Brofaromine
  • Tranylcypromine
  • Phenelzine
  • Isocarboxazid
  • Selegiline (only breaks down MAO-B -> increase in Dopamine -> Tx: Parkinsonims)
35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of MAOIs?

A

What is the mechanism of action of MAOIs?

  • Increase Serotonin and Norepinephrine LVLs in Presynaptic Neurons and Synapses by Inhibiting their breakdown of Mono-amine oxidase
  • MAO breaks down catecholamines (Seretonin, Norepinehprine, Dopamine)
36
Q

What are the side effects of MAOIs?

A

What are the side effects of MAOIs?

  • Tyramine toxicity – Food aging, Brown bananas, Wine, Aged cheeses, Soy sauce -> stimulated NE release -> HTN –> inhibiting Tyramine breakdown by cause HTN crysis
  • Dizziness
  • Somnolence (sleepiness)
  • Orthostatic Hypotension
  • Weight gain
37
Q

What are the names of the Mood Stabilizing drugs?

A

What are the names of the Mood Stabilizing drugs?

  • Lithium
  • Lamotrigine
38
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Lithium?

A

What is the mechanism of action of Lithium?

  • Inhibits Adrenergic, Muscarinic, and Serotonergic Neurotransmission in the Brain
  • Alters Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine neurotransmission
39
Q

What are the side effects of Lithium?

A

What are the side effects of Lithium?

  • Acute Lithium Intoxication
    • ​Nausea, Vomiting, diarrhea, Renal failure, Ataxia, Tremor
  • Bradyarrhythmia
  • Hypotension
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Goiter
  • ECG and EEG abnormalities
  • Acne
40
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Lamotrigine?

A

What is the mechanism of action of Lamotrigine?

  • Inhibit neurotransmission by blocking Neuronal Na+ channels
41
Q

What are the side effects of Lamotrigine?

A

What are the side effects of Lamotrigine?

  • Rash
  • Ataxia (lack of ordered movements)
  • Somnolence (sleepiness)
  • Blurred vision
42
Q

What are names of the Stimulant drugs?

A

What are names of the Stimulant drugs?

  • Amphetamine
  • Methylphenidate
43
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the Stimulants drugs?

A

What is the mechanism of action of the Stimulants drugs?

  • Increase Catecholamine release from Synaptic terminal
  • Block Catecholamine re-uptake
  • Weakly inhibit MAOIs
44
Q

What are the side effects of Stimulant drugs?

A

What are the side effects of Stimulant drugs?

  • HTN
  • Tachyarrhythmia
  • Restlessness
  • Loss of appetite
  • Addiction potential

Pharmacology (29 decks)

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