Psych Pharmacology (PPt + Book) Chapter 4 Flashcards
Dopamine is balanced by what neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine plays a role in…
(4 functions)
Arousal
Sleep wake cycle
Memory
Skeletal muscle movement
Deficiency in acetylcholine is linked to what diseases? (3)
Mainly: Alzheimer’s
Also: Huntington’s chorea and Parkinson’s
What moods does acetylcholine regulate? (2)
Mania and sexual aggression
An excess in Acetylcholine results in what disease?
Depression
What type of receptors does acetylcholine act on? (2 types)
Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
M1, M2, M3
Dopamine (DA) is linked to what functions? (4)
Fine muscle movement
Integration of emotions and thoughts
Decision making
Stimulates hypothalamus to release hormones
Dopamine acts on what receptors?
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5
An excess in Dopamine can result in what diseases? (2)
Psychosis
Mania
A deficiency in Dopamine can result in what diseases? (2)
Parkinson’s disease
Depression
Dopamine is involved in what centers of the brain?
Reward and pleasure centers
Drugs such as __ may interfere with the __ of dopamine thereby allowing more of the neurotransmitter to stay active in the synapse for a longer time.
Cocaine; reuptake
Drugs such as amphetamines that stimulate dopamine activity can induce ___symptoms
Psychotic
Drugs that block dopamine receptors have ___ activity
Antipsychotic
Norepinephrine (NE) affects what functions? (2)
And stimulates what type of response?
Attention, arousal
“Fight or Flight”
An excess in Norepinephrine may result in? (3)
“MAP”
Mania
Anxiety
Psychosis
A deficiency in norepinephrine will result in?
Depression
Norepinephrine mainly acts on what type of receptors?
Alpha receptors
Many FGA (First Generation Antipsychotic) drugs act as ___ at the alpha receptors for norepinephrine.
Antagonists
Blockage of alpha receptors can cause vasodilation which can lead to… (3)
Vasodilation
Drop in blood pressure
Orthostatic hypotension
Blockage of alpha 1 receptors on the vas deferents can lead to ___
A failure to ejaculate
Serotonin affects what body functions? (6)
Mood
Sleep regulation
Hunger
Pain perception
Aggression and Libido
Hormonal Activity
Excess serotonin can lead to what disease?
Anxiety
Decreased levels of serotonin may lead to what disease?
Depression
Serotonin Syndrome
Serotonin toxicity usually caused by two serotonergic medications being taken at the same time.
What drug interactions may lead to serotonin syndrome? (2)
St. John’s wort, and OTC cough/cold medication containing dextromethorphan
Signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome
Mild; restlessness, shivering, and diarrhea
Severe; muscle rigidity, fever, and seizures
Histamine affect what body functions? (3)
Alertness
Inflammatory response
Stimulates gastric secretion
Decreased levels of histamine may lead to what diseases? (2)
Sedation, Weight gain
Many ___ drugs block the H1 receptors for histamine leading to… (2)
Sedation and wight gain which may be beneficial depending on the patient’s condition.
GABA affects what body functions?(3)
Anxiety
Excitation
Aggression
GABA may be used to treat what condition?
Seizures due to its anticonvulsant and muscle relaxing properties
Increased GABA may lead to
Reduction of anxiety
Decreased GABA may lead to
Mania, anxiety, psychosis
Excess glutamate can lead to…
Cell death
What disease could occur as a result of elevated glutamate?
Alzheimer’s disease
Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that activates _ receptors
N-methyl-D-aspartate
(NMDA)
Glutamate plays a role in what body functions? (2)
Learning and memory
Decreased levels of NMDA can lead to…
Psychosis
Substance P is…
Pain receptor
