psych of adjustment Flashcards
what is the psychology of adjustment?
the psychological processes through which people manage or cope with the demands and challenges of life.
what is empirical research?
research based on observation and experimentation
which kind of coping is aimed at changing ones interpretation of stressful events?
appraisal-focused constructive coping
which kind of coping is aimed at altering the stressful situation itself ?
problem-focused constructive coping
which kind of coping is aimed at managing potential emotional distress?
emotion-focused constructive coping
who said this?: “ you feel the way you think”
Albert Ellis
what type of therapy focuses on patterns of irrational thinking to reduce inconvenient emotions and behaviour. ?
rational-emotive behaviour therapy
what causes problematic emotional responses?
catastrophic thinking.
how can people short-circuit their emotion reactions?
By altering the appraisal of stressful events
what is the abc model? of Ellis
A. Activating event
B. Belief system
C. Consequences
what is the root of catastrophic thinking?
irrational assumptions
name 4 irrational assumptions
- people must love me
- I must be good at everything
- everyone must function the way I want
- things should go the way I like
what are the 2 strategies to reduce catastrophic thinking?
- Detect the thinking
2. Dispute the thinking
name 3 examples of reducing catastrophic thinking?
- don’t use all-ness statements
- examine self-talk
- verbalize concerns
what is the humour which makes others laugh called?
affiliative humour
what is the humour which makes fun of others?
aggressive humour
which humour is good and bad for the individual?
good: self-enhancing humour
bad: self-defeating humour
what is it called when you put things into perspective and realizing that things could be worse?
positive reinterpretation
what’s it called when you - Search for something good in a bad situation (?
benefit finding
state the 4 ways to enforce appraisal-focused constructive coping.
- positive reinterpretation
- humour
- reduce catastrophic thinking
- religion
name the four steps of systematic problem solving.
- clarify the problem
- generate courses of actions
- evaluate and select a course of action.
- take action while remaining flexible
what 3 questions must you ask yourself before selecting a course of action?
- is this realistic?
- does this have the most wanted outcomes?
- are there any costs or risks?
what does it mean to be future oriented?
able to see consequences of immediate behaviour
what does it mean to be present oriented?
focused on immediate events without thinking of future consequences
name the four strategies for problem-focused constructive coping.
- seeking help
- behaviour modification
- improving time management
- systematic problem solving
consists of the ability to perceive and express emotion, use emotion to facilitate thought, understand reason with emotion and regulate emotion. ?
emotional intelligence
name the 4 components of emotional intelligence.
- perceiving emotion
- being aware of the impact of emotion on decision making and stress
- understand and analyze emotion
- regulate emotion
name 2 effective ways to express emotion.
- writing it down
2. emotional disclosure
what do people often do when they are wronged?
- seek revenge
2. avoid the person
name two benefits of forgiving.
- better adjustement
2. better well being
name 3 benefits of excising.
- is an outlet for frustration
- distraction from stressor
- good for overall health
what is the best kind of exercise for stress?
aerobic.
what is the goal of meditation?
relaxation response
name 3 benefits of meditating.
- Lower levels of stress hormones
- Lower levels of anxiety/depression
- Better mood/well-being
What are the 4 steps of the relaxation response and who created them?
- a quiet environment
- a mental focus (word)
- conformable position
- passive attitude
by benson
name the 6 strategies of emotion-focused constructive coping.
- meditation
- spirituality
- forgiveness
- exercise
- enhancing emotional intelligence.
- expressing emotion
name 3 facts about coping.
- People cope with stress in many ways.
- It is adaptive to use a variety of strategies
- Coping strategies vary in adaptive value.
what is it called when you use a variety of coping strategies?
coping flexibility
name the 5 common limited value coping patterns.
- giving up
- indulgence
- defense mechanism
- acting aggresively
- self Blame
what’s the scientific term for giving up?
behavioural disengagement
what is it called when passive behaviour is produced by exposure to unavoidable unpleasant events?
learned helplessness
what determines if people develop learned helplessness?
- People’s cognitive interpretation of aversive events
who did the learned helplessness dog experiment?
seligman
when is giving up ok?
when you really can’t achieve the goal
what is a better solution instead of giving up?
goal readjustment
what are the forms of aggression?
indirect and direct
explain the - Frustration-aggression hypothesis.
aggression is always due to frustration (not exactly but sometimes true)
- Supressing your frustration will likely lead you to lash out aggressively on someone who did nothing wrong . What is this called?
displacement
explain catharsis.
the idea that aggression is a good release of pent-up emotion
what is the truth about catharsis?
being aggressive tends to fuel more aggression
what is THE worst of the worst coping strategies?
acting aggressively
what’s It called when you eat more when stressed?
hyperphagics
what’s It called when you eat less when stressed?
hypophagics
what coping strategy do materialistic people use?
shopping
name the 3 types of internet addictions.
- excessive gamine
- preoccupation with sexual content
- obsessive socializing
when is self-analysis good and bad?
when problem solving but not as a coping strategy
why are people defensive?
protect a person from unpleasant emotions
distorting reality so it does not appear to be threatening. what is this called?
self-deception
name the 5 common defence mechanisms.
1. denial 2, fantasy (wishful thinking) 3. intellectualization (suppression emotion reaction) 4. undoing. (compliments after insults) 5. projection
what 3 subjective elements alter the efficiency of good coping strategies?
- context of events
- the individual
- nature of situation
name the 5 steps of good coping.
- Take ACTION to confront problem.
- Put EFFORT it to fix behaviour. Takes
- Based on REALISTIC evaluation of stress
- Learning to RECOGNIZE and MANAGE destructive behaviour
- Learning to CONTROL harmful behaviours
what two variables are measured in an experiment and what are their functions.
- IV : what is being changed
2. DV: looking for change in it
what type of research looks for a cause?
experimental research
what are the two groups in an experiment?
- control group
2. experiment group
name a pro and con of experimental research.
pro: can measure cause and effect
con: cannot do certain things because of ethics
