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psych of adjustment Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the psychology of adjustment?

A

the psychological processes through which people manage or cope with the demands and challenges of life.

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2
Q

what is empirical research?

A

research based on observation and experimentation

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3
Q

which kind of coping is aimed at changing ones interpretation of stressful events?

A

appraisal-focused constructive coping

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4
Q

which kind of coping is aimed at altering the stressful situation itself ?

A

problem-focused constructive coping

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5
Q

which kind of coping is aimed at managing potential emotional distress?

A

emotion-focused constructive coping

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6
Q

who said this?: “ you feel the way you think”

A

Albert Ellis

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7
Q

what type of therapy focuses on patterns of irrational thinking to reduce inconvenient emotions and behaviour. ?

A

rational-emotive behaviour therapy

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8
Q

what causes problematic emotional responses?

A

catastrophic thinking.

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9
Q

how can people short-circuit their emotion reactions?

A

By altering the appraisal of stressful events

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10
Q

what is the abc model? of Ellis

A

A. Activating event
B. Belief system
C. Consequences

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11
Q

what is the root of catastrophic thinking?

A

irrational assumptions

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12
Q

name 4 irrational assumptions

A
  1. people must love me
  2. I must be good at everything
  3. everyone must function the way I want
  4. things should go the way I like
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13
Q

what are the 2 strategies to reduce catastrophic thinking?

A
  1. Detect the thinking

2. Dispute the thinking

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14
Q

name 3 examples of reducing catastrophic thinking?

A
  1. don’t use all-ness statements
  2. examine self-talk
  3. verbalize concerns
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15
Q

what is the humour which makes others laugh called?

A

affiliative humour

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16
Q

what is the humour which makes fun of others?

A

aggressive humour

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17
Q

which humour is good and bad for the individual?

A

good: self-enhancing humour
bad: self-defeating humour

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18
Q

what is it called when you put things into perspective and realizing that things could be worse?

A

positive reinterpretation

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19
Q

what’s it called when you - Search for something good in a bad situation (?

A

benefit finding

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20
Q

state the 4 ways to enforce appraisal-focused constructive coping.

A
  1. positive reinterpretation
  2. humour
  3. reduce catastrophic thinking
  4. religion
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21
Q

name the four steps of systematic problem solving.

A
  1. clarify the problem
  2. generate courses of actions
  3. evaluate and select a course of action.
  4. take action while remaining flexible
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22
Q

what 3 questions must you ask yourself before selecting a course of action?

A
  1. is this realistic?
  2. does this have the most wanted outcomes?
  3. are there any costs or risks?
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23
Q

what does it mean to be future oriented?

A

able to see consequences of immediate behaviour

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24
Q

what does it mean to be present oriented?

A

focused on immediate events without thinking of future consequences

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25
Q

name the four strategies for problem-focused constructive coping.

A
  1. seeking help
  2. behaviour modification
  3. improving time management
  4. systematic problem solving
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26
Q

consists of the ability to perceive and express emotion, use emotion to facilitate thought, understand reason with emotion and regulate emotion. ?

A

emotional intelligence

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27
Q

name the 4 components of emotional intelligence.

A
  1. perceiving emotion
  2. being aware of the impact of emotion on decision making and stress
  3. understand and analyze emotion
  4. regulate emotion
28
Q

name 2 effective ways to express emotion.

A
  1. writing it down

2. emotional disclosure

29
Q

what do people often do when they are wronged?

A
  1. seek revenge

2. avoid the person

30
Q

name two benefits of forgiving.

A
  1. better adjustement

2. better well being

31
Q

name 3 benefits of excising.

A
  1. is an outlet for frustration
  2. distraction from stressor
  3. good for overall health
32
Q

what is the best kind of exercise for stress?

A

aerobic.

33
Q

what is the goal of meditation?

A

relaxation response

34
Q

name 3 benefits of meditating.

A
  1. Lower levels of stress hormones
  2. Lower levels of anxiety/depression
  3. Better mood/well-being
35
Q

What are the 4 steps of the relaxation response and who created them?

A
  1. a quiet environment
  2. a mental focus (word)
  3. conformable position
  4. passive attitude

by benson

36
Q

name the 6 strategies of emotion-focused constructive coping.

A
  1. meditation
  2. spirituality
  3. forgiveness
  4. exercise
  5. enhancing emotional intelligence.
  6. expressing emotion
37
Q

name 3 facts about coping.

A
  1. People cope with stress in many ways.
  2. It is adaptive to use a variety of strategies
  3. Coping strategies vary in adaptive value.
38
Q

what is it called when you use a variety of coping strategies?

A

coping flexibility

39
Q

name the 5 common limited value coping patterns.

A
  1. giving up
  2. indulgence
  3. defense mechanism
  4. acting aggresively
  5. self Blame
40
Q

what’s the scientific term for giving up?

A

behavioural disengagement

41
Q

what is it called when passive behaviour is produced by exposure to unavoidable unpleasant events?

A

learned helplessness

42
Q

what determines if people develop learned helplessness?

A
  • People’s cognitive interpretation of aversive events
43
Q

who did the learned helplessness dog experiment?

A

seligman

44
Q

when is giving up ok?

A

when you really can’t achieve the goal

45
Q

what is a better solution instead of giving up?

A

goal readjustment

46
Q

what are the forms of aggression?

A

indirect and direct

47
Q

explain the - Frustration-aggression hypothesis.

A

aggression is always due to frustration (not exactly but sometimes true)

48
Q
  • Supressing your frustration will likely lead you to lash out aggressively on someone who did nothing wrong . What is this called?
A

displacement

49
Q

explain catharsis.

A

the idea that aggression is a good release of pent-up emotion

50
Q

what is the truth about catharsis?

A

being aggressive tends to fuel more aggression

51
Q

what is THE worst of the worst coping strategies?

A

acting aggressively

52
Q

what’s It called when you eat more when stressed?

A

hyperphagics

53
Q

what’s It called when you eat less when stressed?

A

hypophagics

54
Q

what coping strategy do materialistic people use?

A

shopping

55
Q

name the 3 types of internet addictions.

A
  1. excessive gamine
  2. preoccupation with sexual content
  3. obsessive socializing
56
Q

when is self-analysis good and bad?

A

when problem solving but not as a coping strategy

57
Q

why are people defensive?

A

protect a person from unpleasant emotions

58
Q

distorting reality so it does not appear to be threatening. what is this called?

A

self-deception

59
Q

name the 5 common defence mechanisms.

A 
1. denial
2, fantasy (wishful thinking)
3. intellectualization (suppression emotion reaction)
4. undoing. (compliments after insults)
5. projection
60
Q

what 3 subjective elements alter the efficiency of good coping strategies?

A
  1. context of events
  2. the individual
  3. nature of situation
61
Q

name the 5 steps of good coping.

A
  1. Take ACTION to confront problem.
  2. Put EFFORT it to fix behaviour. Takes
  3. Based on REALISTIC evaluation of stress
  4. Learning to RECOGNIZE and MANAGE destructive behaviour
  5. Learning to CONTROL harmful behaviours
62
Q

what two variables are measured in an experiment and what are their functions.

A
  1. IV : what is being changed

2. DV: looking for change in it

63
Q

what type of research looks for a cause?

A

experimental research

64
Q

what are the two groups in an experiment?

A
  1. control group

2. experiment group

65
Q

name a pro and con of experimental research.

A

pro: can measure cause and effect
con: cannot do certain things because of ethics

psych (4 decks)

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