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Phase 3a > Psych notes > Flashcards

Psych notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is an illusion?

A

A misperception of a real external stimulus

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2
Q

What is a hallucination?

A

A disorder of percerption, where a percept is experienced in the absence of external stimuli. Originates in the outside world, not in own mind

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3
Q

What are the type of hallucinations?

A

Auditory (2nd or 3rd person), visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, somatic

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4
Q

What is a pseudo-hallucination?

A

Perceptual experience which originates in space of own mind, not external sensory organs (eg, voice heard in one’s own head, not coming from the outside world)

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5
Q

What is an overvalued idea?

A

Isolated belief that can dominant a person’s life for years, often within cultural background. May be swayed by reason, not held with conviction

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6
Q

What is a delusion?

A

A disorder of thought. It is a belief that is firmly held, not affected by rational argument/evidence, not a conventional belief or within cultural background

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7
Q

What is a persecutory delusion?

A

Someone or something is mistreating, spying on, or attempting to harm them

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8
Q

What is a delusional perception?

A

A two stage process where a normal object is perceived, then there is a delusional insight into the objects meaning for the patient (eg, the traffic light is green, so I am going to die)

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9
Q

What is a delusion of reference?

A

Events/actions take on special significance to patient (eg, black cars monitoring me, the news is talking to me)

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10
Q

What is nihilistic delusion?

A

Delusion of almost nothingness (eg, nothing in bank account, insides rotting)

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11
Q

What is a hypochondroniacal delusion?

A

Firm belief they have a disease

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12
Q

What is erotomanic (De Clerambault’s) delusion?

A

Someone of higher social standing/everyone is in love with them

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13
Q

What is Orthello’s delusion?

A

Sexual partner is being unfaithful (these patients have a risk of violence)

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14
Q

What is Capgras’ delusion (misidentification)

A

Close relative/person has been replaced by an imposter (physically identical)

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15
Q

What is Cotard’s delusion?

A

Patient believes they are dead or non-existent

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16
Q

What is Fregoli’s delusion?

A

Delusional identification of a familiar person in strangers

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17
Q

What is Ekbom’s delusion?

A

Delusion of infestation

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18
Q

What is psychosis?

A

A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality

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19
Q

What is the difference between neurosis and psychosis?

A

Neurosis is a mild mental disorder not arising from organic diseases, it is less severe than psychosis. Often it is caused by stress, depression and anxiety

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20
Q

What is passivity phenomena?

A

Disorder of thought and perception. Feeling that one’s actions/thoughts are not their own, and controlled by someone else

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21
Q

What is somatic passivity?

A

Passive recipient of bodily sensations by an external force

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22
Q

What is catatonia?

A

Significantly excited/inhibited motor activity (with wavy flexibility/posturing)

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23
Q

What is stupor?

A

Loss of activity with no response to stimuli

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24
Q

What is psychomotor retardation?

A

Slowing of thoughts/movements

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25
Q

What are the examples of thought alienation?

A

Thought insertion, withdrawal, broadcast, echo, block

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26
Q

What is thought alientation?

A

The feeling that action/thoughts/feelings are being interfered with by an external force

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27
Q

What is concrete thinking?

A

Lack of abstract thinking, common childhood and aspergers

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28
Q

What is loosening of association?

A

Lack of logical association between thoughts, giving rise to incoherent speech

29
Q

What is circumstantiality?

A

Slow, rambling, convoluted but goal directed thinking (comes back to the point, in a circle)

30
Q

What is perservation?

A

Repetition of a word, theme, or action beyond point that is relevant or appropriate

31
Q

What is confabulation, and what condition is it commonly seen in?

A

Giving a false account to fill the gap in memory. Seen in Korsakoff’s

32
Q

What is tangentiality?

A

Starts on point, but wanders off topic

33
Q

What is flight of ideas?

A

Rapid skipping from one thought to distantly related idea, often tentative relation (but not completely random)

34
Q

What is echolalia?

A

Meaningless repetition of another person’s spoken words

35
Q

What is clang associations?

A

Ideas that are linked by rhyme or similiarity of words alone

36
Q

What is pressure of speech?

A

Rapid rate of delivery, many unusual associations: indicates flight of ideas

37
Q

What is neologism?

A

New word formation, but to them sounds like it fits

38
Q

What is somatisation?

A

Manifestation of psychological distress by the presentation of bodily symptoms: symptom based

39
Q

What is clouding of consciousness?

A

Subjective sensation of metal clouding, described as feeling ‘foggy’. Mental confusion with impaired awareness of the environment, which is less severe than delirium

40
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

Inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found pleasurable

41
Q

What is incongruity of affect?

A

Emotional responses that are grossly out of tune with the situation or subject being discussed

42
Q

What is flat affect?

A

No emotional expression

43
Q

What is blunting of affect?

A

Little/reduced emotional expression or response

44
Q

What is belle indifference?

A

Relative lack of concern about the nature or implication of the symptoms: can be seen in conversion disorder

45
Q

What is depersonalisation?

A

Detached from the body, the world has become vague/dream like. Observe oneself

46
Q

What is derealisation?

A

External world feels unreal

47
Q

What is conversion disorder?

A

Manifestation of mental illness as physical disorder/disease

48
Q

What is dissociation?

A

Disruptions in aspects of consciousness, identity, memory, physical actions/environment

49
Q

What is a mannerism?

A

Repeated involuntary movements that appear to be goal directed

50
Q

What is akathisia?

A

Sense of inner restlessness and inability to keep still. Need to be in constant motion

50
Q

What is tardive dyskinesia?

A

Involuntary, repetitive jerky movements of head or neck. Occurs in long term anti-psychotic treatment. Grimacing, lip smacking, tongue protrusion

51
Q

What is acute dystonia?

A

Sustained muscle contraction, short term effect

52
Q

What is somatisation disorder? How long should the symptoms have been present for?

A

Multiple physical symptoms present for at least 6 months, focussed on symptoms. Refuses to accept reassurance or negative test results

53
Q

What is hypochondrial disorder?

A

Persistent belief in the presence of an underlying serious disease (such as cancer). Patient refuses to accept reassurance or negative test results

54
Q

What is conversion disorder?

A

Physical manifestation of mental illness. Typically involves loss of motor and sensory function. Doesn’t consciously feign symptoms. La belle indifference may be present

55
Q

What is factitious disorder?

A

Consciously feigning of symptoms. Munchausen is a severe form of this

56
Q

What is malingering disorder?

A

Falsification or profound exaggeration of illness to gain external benefits

57
Q

What is dissociative disorder?

A

Process of separating off certain memories from normal consciousness

58
Q

What is Munchausen’s syndrome?

A

factitious disorder, intentional production of physical or psychological symptoms. Can be by proxy

59
Q

What is the difference between delusional disorder and schizophrenia?

A

Delusional disorder: one delusion present, for more than one month, but no other psychotic symptoms

60
Q

What is an authochthonous delusion? What does it indicate?

A

Delusions that appear fully formed in a patient’s head. Appear like a light bulb moment, rare if the patient is not mentally unwell

61
Q

What are obsessions?

A

Thoughts, images, impulses repeatedly enter the patient’s head. The patient is aware this is irrational

62
Q

What are compulsions?

A

Repeated behaviours that patient feels compelled to perform, despite knowing they are irrational

63
Q

What are features of opioid misuse?

A

Pinpoint pupils, needle track marks, drowsiness, watering eyes, rhinorrhoea

64
Q

What are signs of opioid overdose?

A

Low GCS, pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression

65
Q

What is the emergency management of an opioid overdose?

A

IV or IM naloxone

66
Q

What is first line in opioid detoxification?

A

Methadone or buprenorphine

67
Q
A

Phase 3a (19 decks)

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