Geri's Passmed Flashcards
What screening tool is used to identify medications where risk outweighs benefit?
STOPP (screening tool of older person’s prescriptions)
What screening tool is used to identify individuals at risk of malnutrition?
MUST (malnutrition universal screening tool)
Which type of dementia can present with fluctuations in cognitive impairment?
Lewybody dementia
What is an example of objective test of memory?
AMT 10
What does blurry/yellow vision suggest?
Digoxin toxicity
What are possible complications of a long lie (after a fall)?
Pressure ulcers, dehydration, rhabdomyolysis, hypothermia
What medications can can be associated with postural hypotension?
Nitrates, diuretics, anticholinergics, antidepressants, beta blockers, levo-dopa, ACEIs
What is the criteria for postural hypotension?
A drop in systolic BP of 20 mmHg or more (with or without symptoms).
What physical test could you do after a fall, to check mobility?
‘Turn 180 degree test’ or ‘Timed up and Go test’
What is the definition of frailty?
State of increased vulnerability resulting from ageing-associated decline in functional reserve, across multiple physiological systems, resulting in compromised ability to cope with everyday or acute stressors
What DEXA scan score indicates osteoporosis?
<-2.5
What scoring system can assess risk of pressure sores?
Waterlow score
What are risk factors for falling?
Lower limb muscle weakness, vision problems, balance/gait disturbances, polypharmacy, incontinence, >65 years, fear of falling, depression, postural hypotension, arthritis in lower limbs, psychoactive drugs, cognitive impairment
What is polypharmacy?
> 4 drugs
After a fall, who should have a multidisciplinary assessment by a qualified clinician?
- > 65 years
- fall requiring medical treatment
- poor performance or failure to complete the ‘turn 180 degrees test’ or the ‘timed up and go’ test
- > 2 falls in the last 12 months
What is the definition of multimorbidity?
2 or more long term health conditions
How should frailty be assessed?
Gait speed, self reported health status, or the PRISMA-7 questionnaire
What are risk factors for multimorbidity?
Increasing age, female sex, low socio economic status, tobacco and alcohol usage, lack of physical activity, poor nutrition and obesity
What are risk factors for pressure ulcers?
Malnourishment, incontinence, lack of mobility, pain (which can lead to lack of mobility)
What is the grading system for pressure ulcers?
1: non blanching erythema of intact skin
2: partial thickness skin loss
3: full thickness loss involving damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous fascia
4: extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, damage to muscle/bone
Should systemic antibiotics be taken by all patients with pressure ulcers?
No: needs to be a decision made on a clinical basis
What should be done to encourage ulcer healing in pressure ulcers?
Moist wound environment. Hydrocolloid dressings or hydrogels may be used
What is lasting power of attorney?
A document which a person can nominate someone else to make a certain decision on their behalf. Must be registered with the office of the public guardian
When are refusals of treatment legally binding?
The person is an adult, competent and fully informed making the decision, the decision is clearly applicable to current circumstances, there is no reason to believe they have since changed their mind
