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Psych 100 > Psych Final Material > Flashcards

Psych Final Material Flashcards

1
Q

fixed ratio

A

same number of desired responses on each trial before receiving the reward
rapid response rate with short pauses

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2
Q

variable ratio

A

number of responses required for reward varies for each trial
rapid rate without pauses

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3
Q

fixed interval

A

same amount of time must pass on each trail before reward is received
long pauses occur after reinforcement

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4
Q

variable interval

A

reinforcement possibilities after varying amounts of time

slower, steady with pauses

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5
Q

Albert bandora’s bobo doll experiment

A

kids either reenacted a violent program or calm with the toys given
kids copied what was happening

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6
Q

cultivation theory (George Gerbner)

A

media cultivates a persons world view so it eventually resembles the media’s perspective

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7
Q

mean word syndrome

A

world is innately violent through the media

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8
Q

latent learning

A

learning is not the same as performance

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9
Q

Tolman’s maze learning

A

eventually, the rats got fewer and fewer errors

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10
Q

encoding

A

converting environment and mental stimuli into memorable brain codes

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11
Q

storage

A

holding onto encoded info

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12
Q

retrieval

A

pulling info from storage

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13
Q

sensory memory

A

hold info in its original form for an instant
capacity of 9-12 things
duration: very brief with most gone in less than 1 second

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14
Q

short term memory

A

memory system which info is held for brief periods of time

capacity: 5-9 items
duration: 30 seconds max

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15
Q

rehearsal

A

conscious reputation of information

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16
Q

chunking

A

grouping units into higher order units

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17
Q

levels of processing model

A

info that is more deeply processed

used based on its meaning

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18
Q

long term memory

A

permanent memory that holds huge amounts of info

unlimited duration and storage?

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19
Q

declarative (explicit) memory

A

specific facts or events

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20
Q

semantic memory

A

general knowledge

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21
Q

episodic memory

A

autobiographical info

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22
Q

non declarative (implicit) memory

A

behavior is affected by prior experience

ex. being asked how to tie your shoe

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23
Q

incidental memory

A

memory you didn’t consciously learn

slogans and anagrams

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24
Q

priming

A

incidental learning where exposure to eventuates that influence future behavior
unintentional

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25
recall
memory tasks without cues
26
recognition
memory task with cues to help recognize items
27
state dependent memory
people recall info when they are in the same psychological state or mood as learning
28
serial position effect
remember what we learned first and last
29
classic Loftus study
"hit" compared to "smashed" | framing words can influence someones memory
30
misinformation effect
bugs bunny study "who did you see at Disney" experiment lost in the mall study
31
encoding failure
information never makes it into storage (long term memory)
32
retrieval failure
forgetting can result from failure to retrieve info from LT memory
33
proactive interference
info learned earlier interferes with info learned later
34
retroactive interference
info learned later interferes with info learned earlier
35
amnesia
significant and abrupt loss of memory
36
retrograde amnesia
loss of memories in past
37
anterograde amnesia
can't make new memories
38
Clive wearing
worst case of amnesia known ever | piano player
39
reflexes
unlearned, automatic responses to a particular stimulus
40
rooting reflex
touch cheek, head goes that way
41
sucking reflex
go towards great during breast feeding
42
moro reflex
drop and arms move forward
43
palmer grasps reflex
grab onto things
44
stepping reflex
they will step on a conveyer belt
45
babinski reflex
bottom of food, if you touch it, their food will extend then curl in
46
tonic neck reflex
lay infant on back, one arm extends and the other curls in
47
cephalacaudal trend (top to bottom)
development goes from head to legs
48
proximodistal trend (center outward)
chest to arms
49
Jean Piaget's theory: quantitative elements
scemas- concept or framework that organizes and interprets the information
50
assimilation
interpreting ones new experience in terms of existing schemas
51
accommodation
significant modification to existing schemas based on new info
52
Piaget's theory: stages
``` stage 1: birth-2 years sensorimotor object permanence stage 2: 2-7 years pre operational thinking animistic thinking: provide human characteristics and traits to objects transductive thinking egocentrism- thinking in terms of self Stage 3: 7-12 years concrete operational children think more logically patterns and inductive reasoning Stage 4: 12+ years formal abstract reasoning and deductive reasoning speed humps in new thinking ```
53
Drive reduction theory
hunger
54
contact comfort theory
harlow's experiment with monkey and fake mothers
55
operant conditioning
simply reinforces behavior
56
biological imprinting
first time seeing a new person, you will follow them Bowlby's study- orphan's have trouble making friends later on in life Lorenz- experiment with ducklings
57
Mary Ainsworth's strange situation paradigm
goal directed behavior | secure base and the reunion
58
secure attachment
strongest one
59
insecure avoidant
keep playing with toys, regardless of the room and people | no emotions
60
insecure ambivalent
sit right by parent and not do anything
61
Diana Baumrind's parenting styles
permissive- rarely use punishment buy may use love withdrawal uninvolved- worst parenting and outcomes authoritarian- require high levels of obedience and structure without providing warmth and comfort
62
Id
reservoir of energy that strives to satisfy basic drives pleasure principle impulsive decisions
63
Ego
develops out of the demands and contrasts of the environment reality principle
64
superego
perfect self | idealistic principle
65
defense mechanisms
ego's protective methods to deal with unacceptable impulses and anxiety
66
denial
refusing to perceive outcome
67
displacement
redirection of an impulse away from the person who prompts it towards a safe substitute
68
reaction formation
unacceptable impulse into its opposite
69
projection
projecting one's unacceptable thoughts or impulses onto others
70
projective tests
visual info presented to client who responds with whatever comes to mind Rorschach inkblot test
71
conscious
contact with the outside world
72
preconscious
material just beneath the surface of awareness
73
unconscious
difficult to retrieve material, below the surface of awareness
74
Freud's 5 main psychosexual stages
``` Oral: 1st year of life teething and weening Anal: 1-3 years development of ego Phallic: 3-6 years develop superego due to Oedipus complex Latent: 6-puberty same sex play, social skills develop Genital: puberty sexual feeling resurface and are consciously expressed ```
75
fixation
stuck in a stage due to inadequate completion of an earlier stage
76
regression
during stress, can degree to incomplete states
77
trait
consistent, enduring way of thinking and behaving
78
Gordon Allport
organized traits based on their influence | cardinal, central and secondary traits
79
Raymond Cattle
factor analysis, distinct source traits from which it is the core of everyone's personality
80
5 factor model
``` openness (creativity) conscientiousness (organization) extraversion (sociability) agreeableness (likeablilty) neuroticism (stability) ```
81
schizophrenia
psychological disorder
82
symptoms to schizophrenia
hallucinations, blunt emotions, word salad when communication
83
Positive symptoms
emotion, feeling, thought or behavior that shouldn't be there
84
negative symptoms
absence of these conditions
85
genain sisters
quadruplets with schizophrenia
86
diathesis stress model
both biological and environment components of developing schizophrenia

Psych 100 (3 decks)

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