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Psych 100 > Psych Final Material > Flashcards

Psych Final Material Flashcards

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1
Q

fixed ratio

A

same number of desired responses on each trial before receiving the reward
rapid response rate with short pauses

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2
Q

variable ratio

A

number of responses required for reward varies for each trial
rapid rate without pauses

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3
Q

fixed interval

A

same amount of time must pass on each trail before reward is received
long pauses occur after reinforcement

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4
Q

variable interval

A

reinforcement possibilities after varying amounts of time

slower, steady with pauses

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5
Q

Albert bandora’s bobo doll experiment

A

kids either reenacted a violent program or calm with the toys given
kids copied what was happening

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6
Q

cultivation theory (George Gerbner)

A

media cultivates a persons world view so it eventually resembles the media’s perspective

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7
Q

mean word syndrome

A

world is innately violent through the media

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8
Q

latent learning

A

learning is not the same as performance

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9
Q

Tolman’s maze learning

A

eventually, the rats got fewer and fewer errors

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10
Q

encoding

A

converting environment and mental stimuli into memorable brain codes

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11
Q

storage

A

holding onto encoded info

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12
Q

retrieval

A

pulling info from storage

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13
Q

sensory memory

A

hold info in its original form for an instant
capacity of 9-12 things
duration: very brief with most gone in less than 1 second

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14
Q

short term memory

A

memory system which info is held for brief periods of time

capacity: 5-9 items
duration: 30 seconds max

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15
Q

rehearsal

A

conscious reputation of information

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16
Q

chunking

A

grouping units into higher order units

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17
Q

levels of processing model

A

info that is more deeply processed

used based on its meaning

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18
Q

long term memory

A

permanent memory that holds huge amounts of info

unlimited duration and storage?

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19
Q

declarative (explicit) memory

A

specific facts or events

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20
Q

semantic memory

A

general knowledge

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21
Q

episodic memory

A

autobiographical info

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22
Q

non declarative (implicit) memory

A

behavior is affected by prior experience

ex. being asked how to tie your shoe

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23
Q

incidental memory

A

memory you didn’t consciously learn

slogans and anagrams

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24
Q

priming

A

incidental learning where exposure to eventuates that influence future behavior
unintentional

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25
Q

recall

A

memory tasks without cues

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26
Q

recognition

A

memory task with cues to help recognize items

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27
Q

state dependent memory

A

people recall info when they are in the same psychological state or mood as learning

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28
Q

serial position effect

A

remember what we learned first and last

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29
Q

classic Loftus study

A

“hit” compared to “smashed”

framing words can influence someones memory

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30
Q

misinformation effect

A

bugs bunny study
“who did you see at Disney” experiment
lost in the mall study

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31
Q

encoding failure

A

information never makes it into storage (long term memory)

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32
Q

retrieval failure

A

forgetting can result from failure to retrieve info from LT memory

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33
Q

proactive interference

A

info learned earlier interferes with info learned later

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34
Q

retroactive interference

A

info learned later interferes with info learned earlier

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35
Q

amnesia

A

significant and abrupt loss of memory

36
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

loss of memories in past

37
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

can’t make new memories

38
Q

Clive wearing

A

worst case of amnesia known ever

piano player

39
Q

reflexes

A

unlearned, automatic responses to a particular stimulus

40
Q

rooting reflex

A

touch cheek, head goes that way

41
Q

sucking reflex

A

go towards great during breast feeding

42
Q

moro reflex

A

drop and arms move forward

43
Q

palmer grasps reflex

A

grab onto things

44
Q

stepping reflex

A

they will step on a conveyer belt

45
Q

babinski reflex

A

bottom of food, if you touch it, their food will extend then curl in

46
Q

tonic neck reflex

A

lay infant on back, one arm extends and the other curls in

47
Q

cephalacaudal trend (top to bottom)

A

development goes from head to legs

48
Q

proximodistal trend (center outward)

A

chest to arms

49
Q

Jean Piaget’s theory: quantitative elements

A

scemas- concept or framework that organizes and interprets the information

50
Q

assimilation

A

interpreting ones new experience in terms of existing schemas

51
Q

accommodation

A

significant modification to existing schemas based on new info

52
Q

Piaget’s theory: stages

A 
stage 1: birth-2 years
sensorimotor
object permanence
stage 2: 2-7 years
pre operational thinking
animistic thinking: provide human characteristics and traits to objects
transductive thinking 
egocentrism- thinking in terms of self
Stage 3: 7-12 years
concrete operational 
children think more logically 
patterns and inductive reasoning
Stage 4: 12+ years
formal 
abstract reasoning and deductive reasoning
speed humps in new thinking
53
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

hunger

54
Q

contact comfort theory

A

harlow’s experiment with monkey and fake mothers

55
Q

operant conditioning

A

simply reinforces behavior

56
Q

biological imprinting

A

first time seeing a new person, you will follow them
Bowlby’s study- orphan’s have trouble making friends later on in life
Lorenz- experiment with ducklings

57
Q

Mary Ainsworth’s strange situation paradigm

A

goal directed behavior

secure base and the reunion

58
Q

secure attachment

A

strongest one

59
Q

insecure avoidant

A

keep playing with toys, regardless of the room and people

no emotions

60
Q

insecure ambivalent

A

sit right by parent and not do anything

61
Q

Diana Baumrind’s parenting styles

A

permissive- rarely use punishment buy may use love withdrawal
uninvolved- worst parenting and outcomes
authoritarian- require high levels of obedience and structure without providing warmth and comfort

62
Q

Id

A

reservoir of energy that strives to satisfy basic drives
pleasure principle
impulsive decisions

63
Q

Ego

A

develops out of the demands and contrasts of the environment
reality principle

64
Q

superego

A

perfect self

idealistic principle

65
Q

defense mechanisms

A

ego’s protective methods to deal with unacceptable impulses and anxiety

66
Q

denial

A

refusing to perceive outcome

67
Q

displacement

A

redirection of an impulse away from the person who prompts it towards a safe substitute

68
Q

reaction formation

A

unacceptable impulse into its opposite

69
Q

projection

A

projecting one’s unacceptable thoughts or impulses onto others

70
Q

projective tests

A

visual info presented to client who responds with whatever comes to mind
Rorschach inkblot test

71
Q

conscious

A

contact with the outside world

72
Q

preconscious

A

material just beneath the surface of awareness

73
Q

unconscious

A

difficult to retrieve material, below the surface of awareness

74
Q

Freud’s 5 main psychosexual stages

A 
Oral: 1st year of life
teething and weening 
Anal: 1-3 years
development of ego
Phallic: 3-6 years
develop superego due to Oedipus complex 
Latent: 6-puberty
same sex play, social skills develop
Genital: puberty 
sexual feeling resurface and are consciously expressed
75
Q

fixation

A

stuck in a stage due to inadequate completion of an earlier stage

76
Q

regression

A

during stress, can degree to incomplete states

77
Q

trait

A

consistent, enduring way of thinking and behaving

78
Q

Gordon Allport

A

organized traits based on their influence

cardinal, central and secondary traits

79
Q

Raymond Cattle

A

factor analysis, distinct source traits from which it is the core of everyone’s personality

80
Q

5 factor model

A 
openness (creativity)
conscientiousness (organization)
extraversion (sociability)
agreeableness (likeablilty)
neuroticism (stability)
81
Q

schizophrenia

A

psychological disorder

82
Q

symptoms to schizophrenia

A

hallucinations, blunt emotions, word salad when communication

83
Q

Positive symptoms

A

emotion, feeling, thought or behavior that shouldn’t be there

84
Q

negative symptoms

A

absence of these conditions

85
Q

genain sisters

A

quadruplets with schizophrenia

86
Q

diathesis stress model

A

both biological and environment components of developing schizophrenia

Psych 100 (3 decks)

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