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Psych 100 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychology

A

study of behavior and mental processes

Human Nature

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2
Q

Egyptians

A

heart is more important than the brain

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3
Q

Trepanation

A

dates back to over 10,000 years old

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4
Q

Plato

A

Tripartite theory of reasoning
head- rational thinking
heart- emotion
gut- jealously, envy, desire

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5
Q

Aristotle

A

Cardiac hypothesis of reasoning

- all in the heart

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6
Q

Hippocrates

A

medical model to explain mental illness
humoral theory
- blood, flem, biles
Brain- motor controlling center

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7
Q

Claude Galen

A

Surgeon to the gladiators
brain- central organ of cognition
ventricular theory- ventricles house mental processes

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8
Q

Rene Decartes

A

Dualism- mind and body are separate entities
Body has tiny tubes and balloons running into the muscles
-at the pineal gland

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9
Q

Franz Joseph Gall

A

phrenology
bumps on people’s heads to determine their personal drive and thoughts
mapped out 27 areas of the brain using personal opinion

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10
Q

Marie Jean Pierre Flourens

A

Refuted Gall’s ideas
Pigeon experiment
brain is effected by how much is removed
Advanced mythology, but incorrect theory

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11
Q

Fritschand Hitzig

A

mapped out motor cortex of dogs

zapped different parts of the brain

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12
Q

Paul Broca

A

published work on patient “tan”
Speak with the left hemisphere
great language difficulties
BIRTH OF LOCALIZATION

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13
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

first psychology lab (1879)

introspection- what comes to the mind when looking at an object

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14
Q

Edward Titchener

A

student of Wundt

started structuralism- mapped out elements of the mind

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15
Q

Criticisms of Structuralism

A

wide variety of sample answers

questions change the experience

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16
Q

Father of Psychology

A

Wundt

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17
Q

William James

A

1st American psychologist

Functionalism

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18
Q

Criticisms of Functionalism

A

no experiments

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19
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

studied hysteria in Vienna
talk therapy
Falsifiability

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20
Q

B.F Skinner

A

couldn’t observe the mind easily
BEHAVIORISM
nature vs nurture debate

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21
Q

Biological perspective

A

biological causes of human behavior

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22
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

free will and all of us are essentially good and searching for self-actualization

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23
Q

Mihaly Csikszentmihaly

A

studied happiness

balance between challenge and skill when completing tasks

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24
Q

Social-cultural Perspective

A

relationship between group dynamics and the influences of culture

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25
Social Loafing
slack off in group
26
Social striving
success in a group
27
Cognitive Perspective
mental processing
28
Executive function
plans to succeed (goals)
29
Developmental Perspective
various changes that can occur at certain points across the lifespan
30
Scientific Method
1. perceive 2. hypothesize 3. test 4. draw conclusions 5. report, revise, replicate
31
theory
organized set of principles that explain some phenomenon
32
hypothesis
testable prediction, often derived from a theory
33
Francis Glisson
tested Decartes theory Flexed arm under water, spa the level of water should have increased DISPROVED THEORY
34
Mike the headless chicken
lasted 18 months without a head
35
population
overall group we are interested in studying
36
sample
random and representative subset of the population
37
Observational Study
participants in their natural environment
38
Participant observation design
researcher directly places themselves amongst the participants in the study
39
Operational Definitions
precise manner that characteristics are defined and measured
40
Survey Method
interview or giving a questionnaire to a large number of people Issues: honesty, wording, time
41
Case Study
lengthy, detailed investigation of an individual or a small group Genie- trapped in her room until 13.5 years old
42
Prosopagnosia
inability to recognize familiar faces
43
Correlation
measure of a relationship between two variables | Show patterns, not causes
44
variable
anything that changes or varies
45
positive correlation
related in the same direction
46
negative correlation
variable relate in opposite direction
47
lunar effect
more crime and injuries on a full moon | myth
48
musical tempo
positive correlation at +.71
49
Experimental design
investigator carefully manipulates variable of interest to observe their effect on another variable to uncover potential cause effect relationship leadership and stereotyping
50
Independent variable
manipulated by the researcher
51
dependent variable
measured outcome linked to the independent
52
experimental group
participants inn the study who receive the manipulation
53
control group
participants who do not receive the manipulation
54
experimenter bias
researchers expectations significantly influence the outcome of the study
55
participant effect
participant changes their behavior
56
Hawthorne Effect
production with the dimming of lights. Eventually, it was too dark to work under the dim lights
57
placebo effect
behavior caused by a fake substance
58
nocebo effect
a negative attitude that leads to harm and other undesirable outcome
59
double blind experiment
both the participant and the researcher are ignorant about the group received the actual treatment or the placebo
60
Luigi Galvani
animal electricity
61
Otto Loewi
frog hearts to demonstrate a chemical reaction between nerves discovered acetylcholine
62
resting potential
inactive neuron
63
depolarization
electrical charge thwart the threshold point to create an action potential
64
refractory period
action potentials cannot be generated in the neuron
65
all or none principle
action potentials aren't big or small | they are all the same size
66
neurotransmitter
bind to post synaptic receptor sites on the receiving neuron in a lock and key fashion
67
excitatory
firing of the cell
68
inhibitory
stop firing cell
69
Agonists
mimic/enhance neurotransmitter effect on receptor sites
70
antagonists
block/reduce cells response to neurotransmitters
71
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
agonist to enhance happiness in depressed individuals
72
MAOI
reduces chance for serotonin to be destroyed
73
Acetylcholine
learning, memory
74
Dopamine
pleasure, addiction, schizophrenia
75
serotonin
mood, dreaming, LSD
76
Gaba
calming (inhibitory effect)
77
Medulla
base of the brainstem | non conscious function vital for survival
78
pons
highway for sensory and motor information | Bridge
79
RF
neuronal network, attentiveness/listening
80
cerebellum
muscle coordination and balance
81
thalamus
traffic cop- main relay station for a majority of sensory info
82
hypothalamus
eating and sleeping, temperature
83
synesthesia
sensations of a single sense creates perceptions of a multiple senses
84
Patient HM
hit by a car on a bike | cut out hypocampus to prevent seizures
85
Limbic system
group of structures involved in emotion, motivation and memory
86
hippocampus
new memories from experience
87
Amygdala
basic negative emotions such as fear and aggression
88
Capgras delusion
emotional tagging of memories | Guy who couldn't remember faces
89
Frontal Lobe
problem solving, decision making
90
parietal lobe
space, sensory info, actions
91
occipital lobe
sight and vision
92
temoral lobe
auditory cortex
93
Unilateral neglect
loss of attention to one side of space opposite the side of brain damage

Psych 100 (3 decks)

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