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Psych 100 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology

A

study of behavior and mental processes

Human Nature

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2
Q

Egyptians

A

heart is more important than the brain

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3
Q

Trepanation

A

dates back to over 10,000 years old

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4
Q

Plato

A

Tripartite theory of reasoning
head- rational thinking
heart- emotion
gut- jealously, envy, desire

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5
Q

Aristotle

A

Cardiac hypothesis of reasoning

- all in the heart

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6
Q

Hippocrates

A

medical model to explain mental illness
humoral theory
- blood, flem, biles
Brain- motor controlling center

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7
Q

Claude Galen

A

Surgeon to the gladiators
brain- central organ of cognition
ventricular theory- ventricles house mental processes

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8
Q

Rene Decartes

A

Dualism- mind and body are separate entities
Body has tiny tubes and balloons running into the muscles
-at the pineal gland

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9
Q

Franz Joseph Gall

A

phrenology
bumps on people’s heads to determine their personal drive and thoughts
mapped out 27 areas of the brain using personal opinion

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10
Q

Marie Jean Pierre Flourens

A

Refuted Gall’s ideas
Pigeon experiment
brain is effected by how much is removed
Advanced mythology, but incorrect theory

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11
Q

Fritschand Hitzig

A

mapped out motor cortex of dogs

zapped different parts of the brain

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12
Q

Paul Broca

A

published work on patient “tan”
Speak with the left hemisphere
great language difficulties
BIRTH OF LOCALIZATION

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13
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

first psychology lab (1879)

introspection- what comes to the mind when looking at an object

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14
Q

Edward Titchener

A

student of Wundt

started structuralism- mapped out elements of the mind

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15
Q

Criticisms of Structuralism

A

wide variety of sample answers

questions change the experience

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16
Q

Father of Psychology

A

Wundt

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17
Q

William James

A

1st American psychologist

Functionalism

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18
Q

Criticisms of Functionalism

A

no experiments

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19
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

studied hysteria in Vienna
talk therapy
Falsifiability

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20
Q

B.F Skinner

A

couldn’t observe the mind easily
BEHAVIORISM
nature vs nurture debate

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21
Q

Biological perspective

A

biological causes of human behavior

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22
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

free will and all of us are essentially good and searching for self-actualization

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23
Q

Mihaly Csikszentmihaly

A

studied happiness

balance between challenge and skill when completing tasks

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24
Q

Social-cultural Perspective

A

relationship between group dynamics and the influences of culture

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25
Q

Social Loafing

A

slack off in group

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26
Q

Social striving

A

success in a group

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27
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

mental processing

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28
Q

Executive function

A

plans to succeed (goals)

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29
Q

Developmental Perspective

A

various changes that can occur at certain points across the lifespan

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30
Q

Scientific Method

A
  1. perceive
  2. hypothesize
  3. test
  4. draw conclusions
  5. report, revise, replicate
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31
Q

theory

A

organized set of principles that explain some phenomenon

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32
Q

hypothesis

A

testable prediction, often derived from a theory

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33
Q

Francis Glisson

A

tested Decartes theory
Flexed arm under water, spa the level of water should have increased
DISPROVED THEORY

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34
Q

Mike the headless chicken

A

lasted 18 months without a head

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35
Q

population

A

overall group we are interested in studying

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36
Q

sample

A

random and representative subset of the population

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37
Q

Observational Study

A

participants in their natural environment

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38
Q

Participant observation design

A

researcher directly places themselves amongst the participants in the study

39
Q

Operational Definitions

A

precise manner that characteristics are defined and measured

40
Q

Survey Method

A

interview or giving a questionnaire to a large number of people
Issues: honesty, wording, time

41
Q

Case Study

A

lengthy, detailed investigation of an individual or a small group
Genie- trapped in her room until 13.5 years old

42
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize familiar faces

43
Q

Correlation

A

measure of a relationship between two variables

Show patterns, not causes

44
Q

variable

A

anything that changes or varies

45
Q

positive correlation

A

related in the same direction

46
Q

negative correlation

A

variable relate in opposite direction

47
Q

lunar effect

A

more crime and injuries on a full moon

myth

48
Q

musical tempo

A

positive correlation at +.71

49
Q

Experimental design

A

investigator carefully manipulates variable of interest to observe their effect on another variable to uncover potential cause effect relationship
leadership and stereotyping

50
Q

Independent variable

A

manipulated by the researcher

51
Q

dependent variable

A

measured outcome linked to the independent

52
Q

experimental group

A

participants inn the study who receive the manipulation

53
Q

control group

A

participants who do not receive the manipulation

54
Q

experimenter bias

A

researchers expectations significantly influence the outcome of the study

55
Q

participant effect

A

participant changes their behavior

56
Q

Hawthorne Effect

A

production with the dimming of lights. Eventually, it was too dark to work under the dim lights

57
Q

placebo effect

A

behavior caused by a fake substance

58
Q

nocebo effect

A

a negative attitude that leads to harm and other undesirable outcome

59
Q

double blind experiment

A

both the participant and the researcher are ignorant about the group received the actual treatment or the placebo

60
Q

Luigi Galvani

A

animal electricity

61
Q

Otto Loewi

A

frog hearts to demonstrate a chemical reaction between nerves
discovered acetylcholine

62
Q

resting potential

A

inactive neuron

63
Q

depolarization

A

electrical charge thwart the threshold point to create an action potential

64
Q

refractory period

A

action potentials cannot be generated in the neuron

65
Q

all or none principle

A

action potentials aren’t big or small

they are all the same size

66
Q

neurotransmitter

A

bind to post synaptic receptor sites on the receiving neuron in a lock and key fashion

67
Q

excitatory

A

firing of the cell

68
Q

inhibitory

A

stop firing cell

69
Q

Agonists

A

mimic/enhance neurotransmitter effect on receptor sites

70
Q

antagonists

A

block/reduce cells response to neurotransmitters

71
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

A

agonist to enhance happiness in depressed individuals

72
Q

MAOI

A

reduces chance for serotonin to be destroyed

73
Q

Acetylcholine

A

learning, memory

74
Q

Dopamine

A

pleasure, addiction, schizophrenia

75
Q

serotonin

A

mood, dreaming, LSD

76
Q

Gaba

A

calming (inhibitory effect)

77
Q

Medulla

A

base of the brainstem

non conscious function vital for survival

78
Q

pons

A

highway for sensory and motor information

Bridge

79
Q

RF

A

neuronal network, attentiveness/listening

80
Q

cerebellum

A

muscle coordination and balance

81
Q

thalamus

A

traffic cop- main relay station for a majority of sensory info

82
Q

hypothalamus

A

eating and sleeping, temperature

83
Q

synesthesia

A

sensations of a single sense creates perceptions of a multiple senses

84
Q

Patient HM

A

hit by a car on a bike

cut out hypocampus to prevent seizures

85
Q

Limbic system

A

group of structures involved in emotion, motivation and memory

86
Q

hippocampus

A

new memories from experience

87
Q

Amygdala

A

basic negative emotions such as fear and aggression

88
Q

Capgras delusion

A

emotional tagging of memories

Guy who couldn’t remember faces

89
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

problem solving, decision making

90
Q

parietal lobe

A

space, sensory info, actions

91
Q

occipital lobe

A

sight and vision

92
Q

temoral lobe

A

auditory cortex

93
Q

Unilateral neglect

A

loss of attention to one side of space opposite the side of brain damage

Psych 100 (3 decks)

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