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Psych 100 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Primary motor cortex
speech
planning and impulse control

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2
Q

Phones Gage

A

Metal rod in head during transcontinental RailRoad

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3
Q

Aphasias

A

problems with speech and language

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4
Q

Broca’s

A

speaking (broken speech)

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5
Q

Wernike’s

A

understanding speech

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6
Q

Frontal Lobotomy

A

Egas Moniz and Walter Freeman

Separate frontal lobe from the rest of the body

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7
Q

Split Brain Procedure

A

2 1/2s of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers

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8
Q

Tachistoscope

A

lateralization in the brain of these patients in various areas
Left vs Right hemisphere

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9
Q

Sensation

A

activation of receptors in various sense organs

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10
Q

Perception

A

Sensations are organized and interpreted

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11
Q

Subliminal messages

A

stimuli presented below level of conscious perception of its presence
James Vicary- “eat popcorn” and “drink coke”

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12
Q

Backmasking

A

recorded message which has o meaning unless played in reverse

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13
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

weakest stimulation of the sense that is detected 50% of the time when presented

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14
Q

Just noticeable difference

A

smallest change between multiple stimuli that is perceived 50% of the time

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15
Q

Werner’s Law

A

always a constant percentage change rather than a constant amount change
ex. 50 and 51 pound weights vs 1 and 2 pound weights

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16
Q

Habituation (cognitive)

A

brain stops attending to constant, unchanging auditory stimuli

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17
Q

Sensory adaptation (biological)

A

sensory receptors becomes less responsive with time when exposed to non auditory

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18
Q

Selective attention

A

focus on specific aspects and ignoring others

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19
Q

change blindness

A

failure to detect important changes when our attention is engaged elsewhere in the task (painting video)

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20
Q

Path of light in eye

A

Cornea-Iris-Pupil-Lens

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21
Q

Fovea

A

point of central focus

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22
Q

Retina

A

back surface

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23
Q

3 layers of retina

A

Ganglion cells, bipolar neurons, rods/cones

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24
Q

More rods or cones?

A

MORE RODS

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25
Rods vs cones
Rods- dark | Cones- light/color blindness
26
Pathway of sensory info
Optic nerve-Optic chasm-Thalamus-Visual Cortex
27
ventral stream
downward "what"
28
Dorsal Stream
upward "where"
29
motion blindness
damaging dorsal pathway (Akinetopsia)
30
Brightness
amplitude
31
Color
wavelength Red- longer Blue- shorter
32
Subtractive coloring
removing wavelength of light being reflected (black)
33
Additive coloring
increasing wavelength of light (white)
34
Young and Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory
3 main types of cones Color is red, green and blue processing at retinal level
35
Karl E. Hering's opponent processing theory
colors are arranged in specific order ex. look at a picture for a long time, then go to white screen. different colors, same picture Cortical level
36
Retinal theory
perception of color not only based on wavelength, but it also includes interpretation of the visual information
37
Peter Tripp
Wakeathon | awake for 8 days
38
Preservation theory
animals evolved sleep patterns based on predatory/prey designations
39
maturation theory
sleep provides our body with focus and growth
40
restorative theory
sleep provides a rejuvenation period to replenish everything
41
memory storage theory
sleep effectively organizes memories and experiences from the day
42
circadian rhythm
24 hour body cycle
43
zeitgeberes
cues to help entrain our rhythm | ex. sunlight/sound
44
suprachiasmatic nucleaus
internal clock tells people to wake/fall
45
ploysomnograph
analyzes our sleep EMG- muscles EEG- brain waves
46
Beta waves
smaller/faster (awake)
47
Alpha waves
larger/slower (light sleep)
48
Stage N1 (light sleep)
theta waves
49
Stage N2 (medium sleep)
temperature, breathing and heart rate decreases | Sleep spindles and K complxes
50
Stage N3 (deep sleep)
delta waves (slow)
51
REM sleep
experiences of dreaming | paradoxical sleep
52
dysomnias
difficulty falling asleep
53
Insomnia
difficulty maintaining sleep
54
sleep apnea
periods of suffocation during sleep
55
parasomnias
sleep difficulties where the problem is associated with a specific stage of sleep
56
somnambulism
sleep walking
57
REM behavior disorder
failure to inhibit muscles during REM sleep
58
night terrors
hard to wake up and usually within a hour of falling asleep
59
nightmare
late in sleep cycle
60
sleep talking
light stages of sleep
61
psychoanalytic approach
sketchpad to play our deepest desires
62
manifest content
reflection of dream itself
63
latent content
underlying meaning hidden
64
AIM model
reflect the brain trying to make sense of random firing
65
cognitive theory
dreams provide context to problem solve current issues in our life
66
lucid dreaming
frontal lobe is asleep, but wakes up during this time period
67
classical conditioning
creates associations between multiple stimuli
68
Pavlov
discovred classing conditioning through salivary reflexes with dogs
69
unconditioned stimulus
automatically triggers an involuntary response
70
unconditioned response
elicited by stimulus without any learning needed
71
conditioned stimulus
response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus
72
conditioned response
after conditioned stimulus is associated with an unconditioned stimulus
73
generalization
new stimulus resembling the original elicits a response c similar to CR ex. bell to metronome
74
extinction
wearing relationship between CR and CS until the CR eventually disappears
75
spontaneous recovery
CR securing after a time delay
76
higher order conditioning
stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an already established conditioned stimulus
77
Little Albert
Watson used classical conditioning to create a fear of rats to 11 month old baby
78
conditioned taste aversion
nauseation sometime after eating a certain food
79
Dr. Garcia and radiated rats
rats did not drink sweetened water after exposed to radiation
80
anagrams
re-arraging order of letters to make a real word
81
learned helplessness
fail to escape from a situation because of a history of repeated failures Seligman's shock box
82
operant conditioning
voluntary behavior based on experienced consequences | Edward Thorndike's puzzle box
83
Law of effect
consequences of behavior are beneficial, then it will be repeated
84
skinner box
controlled environment for training animal behavior
85
shaping behavior
rewarding successive approximations of desired behavior
86
reinforcement
stimulus weakens probability of the response that it follows
87
punishment
stimulus weakens the probability of the response that it follows
88
positive reinforcement
addition of pleasurable stimulus to increase behavior
89
negative reinforcement
removal of aversive stimulus to increase the behavior
90
positive punishment
addition of unpleasant stimulus to decrease the behavior
91
negative punishment
removal of pleasurable stimulus to decrease the behavior

Psych 100 (3 decks)

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