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Psych 100 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Primary motor cortex
speech
planning and impulse control

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2
Q

Phones Gage

A

Metal rod in head during transcontinental RailRoad

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3
Q

Aphasias

A

problems with speech and language

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4
Q

Broca’s

A

speaking (broken speech)

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5
Q

Wernike’s

A

understanding speech

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6
Q

Frontal Lobotomy

A

Egas Moniz and Walter Freeman

Separate frontal lobe from the rest of the body

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7
Q

Split Brain Procedure

A

2 1/2s of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers

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8
Q

Tachistoscope

A

lateralization in the brain of these patients in various areas
Left vs Right hemisphere

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9
Q

Sensation

A

activation of receptors in various sense organs

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10
Q

Perception

A

Sensations are organized and interpreted

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11
Q

Subliminal messages

A

stimuli presented below level of conscious perception of its presence
James Vicary- “eat popcorn” and “drink coke”

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12
Q

Backmasking

A

recorded message which has o meaning unless played in reverse

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13
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

weakest stimulation of the sense that is detected 50% of the time when presented

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14
Q

Just noticeable difference

A

smallest change between multiple stimuli that is perceived 50% of the time

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15
Q

Werner’s Law

A

always a constant percentage change rather than a constant amount change
ex. 50 and 51 pound weights vs 1 and 2 pound weights

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16
Q

Habituation (cognitive)

A

brain stops attending to constant, unchanging auditory stimuli

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17
Q

Sensory adaptation (biological)

A

sensory receptors becomes less responsive with time when exposed to non auditory

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18
Q

Selective attention

A

focus on specific aspects and ignoring others

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19
Q

change blindness

A

failure to detect important changes when our attention is engaged elsewhere in the task (painting video)

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20
Q

Path of light in eye

A

Cornea-Iris-Pupil-Lens

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21
Q

Fovea

A

point of central focus

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22
Q

Retina

A

back surface

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23
Q

3 layers of retina

A

Ganglion cells, bipolar neurons, rods/cones

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24
Q

More rods or cones?

A

MORE RODS

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25
Q

Rods vs cones

A

Rods- dark

Cones- light/color blindness

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26
Q

Pathway of sensory info

A

Optic nerve-Optic chasm-Thalamus-Visual Cortex

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27
Q

ventral stream

A

downward “what”

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28
Q

Dorsal Stream

A

upward “where”

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29
Q

motion blindness

A

damaging dorsal pathway (Akinetopsia)

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30
Q

Brightness

A

amplitude

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31
Q

Color

A

wavelength
Red- longer
Blue- shorter

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32
Q

Subtractive coloring

A

removing wavelength of light being reflected (black)

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33
Q

Additive coloring

A

increasing wavelength of light (white)

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34
Q

Young and Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory

A

3 main types of cones
Color is red, green and blue
processing at retinal level

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35
Q

Karl E. Hering’s opponent processing theory

A

colors are arranged in specific order
ex. look at a picture for a long time, then go to white screen. different colors, same picture
Cortical level

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36
Q

Retinal theory

A

perception of color not only based on wavelength, but it also includes interpretation of the visual information

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37
Q

Peter Tripp

A

Wakeathon

awake for 8 days

38
Q

Preservation theory

A

animals evolved sleep patterns based on predatory/prey designations

39
Q

maturation theory

A

sleep provides our body with focus and growth

40
Q

restorative theory

A

sleep provides a rejuvenation period to replenish everything

41
Q

memory storage theory

A

sleep effectively organizes memories and experiences from the day

42
Q

circadian rhythm

A

24 hour body cycle

43
Q

zeitgeberes

A

cues to help entrain our rhythm

ex. sunlight/sound

44
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleaus

A

internal clock tells people to wake/fall

45
Q

ploysomnograph

A

analyzes our sleep
EMG- muscles
EEG- brain waves

46
Q

Beta waves

A

smaller/faster (awake)

47
Q

Alpha waves

A

larger/slower (light sleep)

48
Q

Stage N1 (light sleep)

A

theta waves

49
Q

Stage N2 (medium sleep)

A

temperature, breathing and heart rate decreases

Sleep spindles and K complxes

50
Q

Stage N3 (deep sleep)

A

delta waves (slow)

51
Q

REM sleep

A

experiences of dreaming

paradoxical sleep

52
Q

dysomnias

A

difficulty falling asleep

53
Q

Insomnia

A

difficulty maintaining sleep

54
Q

sleep apnea

A

periods of suffocation during sleep

55
Q

parasomnias

A

sleep difficulties where the problem is associated with a specific stage of sleep

56
Q

somnambulism

A

sleep walking

57
Q

REM behavior disorder

A

failure to inhibit muscles during REM sleep

58
Q

night terrors

A

hard to wake up and usually within a hour of falling asleep

59
Q

nightmare

A

late in sleep cycle

60
Q

sleep talking

A

light stages of sleep

61
Q

psychoanalytic approach

A

sketchpad to play our deepest desires

62
Q

manifest content

A

reflection of dream itself

63
Q

latent content

A

underlying meaning hidden

64
Q

AIM model

A

reflect the brain trying to make sense of random firing

65
Q

cognitive theory

A

dreams provide context to problem solve current issues in our life

66
Q

lucid dreaming

A

frontal lobe is asleep, but wakes up during this time period

67
Q

classical conditioning

A

creates associations between multiple stimuli

68
Q

Pavlov

A

discovred classing conditioning through salivary reflexes with dogs

69
Q

unconditioned stimulus

A

automatically triggers an involuntary response

70
Q

unconditioned response

A

elicited by stimulus without any learning needed

71
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus

72
Q

conditioned response

A

after conditioned stimulus is associated with an unconditioned stimulus

73
Q

generalization

A

new stimulus resembling the original elicits a response c similar to CR
ex. bell to metronome

74
Q

extinction

A

wearing relationship between CR and CS until the CR eventually disappears

75
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

CR securing after a time delay

76
Q

higher order conditioning

A

stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an already established conditioned stimulus

77
Q

Little Albert

A

Watson used classical conditioning to create a fear of rats to 11 month old baby

78
Q

conditioned taste aversion

A

nauseation sometime after eating a certain food

79
Q

Dr. Garcia and radiated rats

A

rats did not drink sweetened water after exposed to radiation

80
Q

anagrams

A

re-arraging order of letters to make a real word

81
Q

learned helplessness

A

fail to escape from a situation because of a history of repeated failures
Seligman’s shock box

82
Q

operant conditioning

A

voluntary behavior based on experienced consequences

Edward Thorndike’s puzzle box

83
Q

Law of effect

A

consequences of behavior are beneficial, then it will be repeated

84
Q

skinner box

A

controlled environment for training animal behavior

85
Q

shaping behavior

A

rewarding successive approximations of desired behavior

86
Q

reinforcement

A

stimulus weakens probability of the response that it follows

87
Q

punishment

A

stimulus weakens the probability of the response that it follows

88
Q

positive reinforcement

A

addition of pleasurable stimulus to increase behavior

89
Q

negative reinforcement

A

removal of aversive stimulus to increase the behavior

90
Q

positive punishment

A

addition of unpleasant stimulus to decrease the behavior

91
Q

negative punishment

A

removal of pleasurable stimulus to decrease the behavior

Psych 100 (3 decks)

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