PSYCH EXAM REVISION Flashcards
Can anxiety be an adaptive response? why or why not?
Yes, anxiety can be adaptive, because if an individual fears something that is dangerous, their anxiety response would be avoiding it, to protect them from danger.
Evaluate the ability of benzodiazepines in assisting with the phobia of an individual.
Strength:
- Benzodiazepines can mimic the role of GABA, enabling the brain to process it more efficiently.
Weakness:
-Benzodiazepines are short-acting, which can only reduce the physiological symptoms of anxiety, not treat the causes of the phobia.
Describe the process of systematic desensitisation.
Systematic desensitisation involves a psychologist teaching relaxation techniques such as breathing retraining, followed by the creation of a fear hierarchy of least to most fear inducing. After this is gradual exposure from the lowest level of the hierarchy to the highest while practising the relaxation techniques (only moving to the next level of hierarchy when specific
stimulus does not lead to the fear response).
What does reproducibility involve?
Conducting the same experiment, however with different conditions, samples, methods of measurement etc, to obtain the same results.
Why may it be hard to make students use acrostics and acronyms to study a bunch of words given verbally, without it actually being provided physically on paper?
This is because acronyms and acrostics link to the spelling of words. As such, without the provision of the words, the capacity of short-term memory is likely to exceed whilst processing the word itself, and processing the likely first letter.
What does the method of loci involve?
The method of loci requires an individual to visualise items at a series of locations on a well-known journey or familiar route.
Why may an individual with aphantasia find it difficult to use the method of loci?
Because an individual with aphantasia has difficult forming mental imagery of their world and locations within it. Therefore, this makes it difficult for an individual to effectively encode and retrieve items, because they cannot ‘see’ where objects are ‘located’.
Provide two difference between songlines and the method of loci.
- Songlines involve physically walked journey’s, as opposed to the method of loci which is a mentally walked journey.
- Songlines involve dancing or song as part of their narrative, whereas the method of loci simply ‘connects’ an item with a location.
What is cultural continuity? And describe how it can help an Aboriginal or Torres strait Islander to maintain wellbeing.
Cultural continuity relates to the maintenance of Aboriginal and Torres Strait culture over time. Thus, cultural continuity can assist in maintaining wellbeing for an individual, as it helps them stay connected to their country, culture, and kinship.
Describe what informed consent involves.
Informed consent involves providing an individual information about the NATURE and PURPOSE of the experiment, as well as the BENEFITS and RISKS. Then obtaining the consent.
Link between EXHAUSTION (cortisol, chronic stress, and heart condition).
- Stress hormones like cortisol, suppress or damage the immune system, and eventually become depleted.
- The damage to the immune system then causes an individual to be vulnerable to a significant physiological illness, in a form of a heart condition.
What is fieldwork?
Fieldwork involves the observation and interaction between people and the environment in a real world setting, conducted beyond the laboratory.
Explain the role of dopamine as a child learns how to cook, with praises from their parent.
Dopamine has a role in coordinating voluntary movement, so will facilitate the smooth hand movements as an individual learns how to cook.
Dopamine plays a role in reward based learning and is released when an individual is enjoying themselves in the kitchen.
This makes the cooking experience more pleasurable and will increase the motivation to repeat the behaviour.
Functional and structural change of long term potentiation.
Functional:
- Increased release of neurotransmitter glutamate.
Structural:
- Migration or movement of additional receptor sites to post-synaptic neuron.
What is a delayed sleep- phase syndrome?
A delayed sleep phase syndrome is a circadian rhythm phase disorder in which an individuals sleep is delayed 2 hours or more beyond a conventional bedtime.
