7A

Question 1

What is sleep deprivation?

Answer 1

Sleep deprivation refers to inadequate quality or quantity of sleep.

Question 2

What are the categories sleep deprivation can be divided into?

Answer 2

Sleep deprivation can be divided into:

• Full-sleep deprivation.

-Partial sleep deprivation.

Question 3

Outline what full sleep deprivation is.

Answer 3

When an individual has no sleep within a 24 hour period.

Question 4

Outline what partial sleep deprivation is.

Answer 4

When an individual sleeps for some duration within the 24-hour period, but the quantity of sleep is too short, or the quality iS poor.

Question 5

What are ‘affective effects’ relating to sleep deprivation?

Answer 5

This refers to changes in emotions or emotional responses that arise from sleep deprivation.

Question 6

List some affective effects.

Answer 6

• Increase in negative emotions.
• Reduced ability to cope with stress.
• Reduced empathy towards others.
• Impaired ability to appropriately deal with situations, such as overreacting.

Question 7

What are behavioural effects (relating to sleep deprivation)

Answer 7

Refers to the changes in actions and ability to control them that arise from sleep deprivation.

Question 8

List some behavioural effects.

Answer 8

• Excessive sleepiness during the day.
• Increased likelihood of engaging in risk-taking behaviours.
• Lack of energy.
• Involuntary lapses into micro-sleep where individual briefly falls asleep for a few seconds without awareness of doing so.

Question 9

Define cognition.

Answer 9

Cognition refers to the mental processes an individual performs in order to understand and process information.

Question 10

What are cognitive effects relating to sleep deprivation?

Answer 10

refers to changes in mental processes that arise from sleep deprivation.

Question 11

List some examples of cognitive effects that occur due to sleep deprivation.

Answer 11

• Lack of concentration.
• Impairment of short-term memory.
• Impaired decision making and problem solving.

Question 12

Outline what a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is.

Answer 12

Is a measure of how much alcohol is in a persons bloodstream.

Question 13

What is the link between alcohol and concentration?

Answer 13

Alcohol is a depressant drug that will slow down the nervous system and alertness, reflexes and concentration. In this way, the higher the BAC, the more impaired an individuals affect and cognition may be.

Question 14

What is a BAC of 0.05 equivalent to?

Answer 14

Roughly equivalent to 17 hours of sleep deprivation. (partial sleep deprivation)

Question 15

What is a BAC of 0.10 equivalent to?

Answer 15

Roughly equivalent to 24 hours of sleep deprivation (full sleep deprivation).

Question 16

Affective effects of alcohol, compared to sleep deprivation:

Answer 16

Sleep deprivation negatively effects someones emotional functioning, making them more irritable or sensitive.

Alcohol on the other hand can have a range effects on a persons affective functioning such as:
- Happy and excited.
- Angry.
- Sad.

However in the long-term, alcohol can have more dulling effects, as it is an anti-depressant drug.

Question 17

Cognitive effects of sleep deprivation compared to blood alcohol concentration.

Answer 17

A BAC of 0.10 can impair the cognitive functioning of an individual that is comparable to 24 hours of sleep deprivation. Similarly, a BAC of 0.05 is comparable in magnitude to 17 hours of sleep deprivation.
Such cognitive impairments can include:
- Slower mental processes, such as the reduced ability to process and understand information.
- Decreased ability to reason and problem solve.
- Reduced ability to make decisions and problem-solve.