Psych Chapter 7 Flashcards
culture
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
norm
an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe “proper” behavior.
personal space
the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies.
individualism
giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals, and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.
collectivism
giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly.
aggression
any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.
X chromosome:
the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child.
Y chromosome
the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.
testosterone
the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.
role
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.
gender role
a set of expected behaviors for males and for females.
gender identity
one’s sense of being male or female.
gender-typing
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.
social learning theory
the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.
gender schema theory
the theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly.
