Psych Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

psychology

A

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

empiricism

A

the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment

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3
Q

structuralism

A

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.

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4
Q

functionalism

A

a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function—how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.

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5
Q

humanistic psychology

A

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth.

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6
Q

nature-nurture issue

A

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.

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7
Q

natural selection

A

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

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8
Q

levels of analysis

A

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.

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9
Q

bio-psychosocial approach

A

an integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.

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10
Q

basic research

A

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

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11
Q

applied research

A

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

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12
Q

counseling psychology

A

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.

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13
Q

clinical psychology

A

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

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14
Q

psychiatry

A

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.

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