Psych Chapter 2

Question 1

hindsight bias

Answer 1

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.)

Question 2

critical thinking

Answer 2

thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.

Question 3

theory

Answer 3

an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations.

Question 4

hypothesis

Answer 4

a testable prediction, often implied by a theory.

Question 5

operational definition

Answer 5

a statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures.

Question 6

replication

Answer 6

repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.

Question 7

culture

Answer 7

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.