psych ch5

Question 1

Brad and Christine are two TSA officers who are scanning bags at the airport. Brad, the newer officer, scans all the features of the contents systematically, looking for clues to indicate anything suspicious. Christine, who is more experienced, is able to use her experience and expectations to assist her search. Brad relies more on _____ processing, while Christine is able to use _____ processing.

Answer 1

bottom-up; top-down

Question 2

Two objects can be perceived as different if they differ in weight by 2 percent. This is known as:

Answer 2

Weber’s law.

Question 3

When angry, people more often perceive neutral objects as guns. This demonstrates that _____ can impact our interpretations.

Answer 3

emotion

Question 4

According to the Gestalt psychologists, people perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones. This is called the principle of:

Answer 4

continuity.

Question 5

According to the Gestalt psychologists, humans tend to group together figures that are near each other. This is called the principle of:

Answer 5

proximity

Question 6

_____ occurs when one object partially blocks a person’s view of another object and the unblocked object is perceived as being closer.

Answer 6

Interposition

Question 7

Riina is 85 years old and is having trouble with her hearing. She worked in a loud factory for many years. The MOST likely reasons for her sensorineural hearing loss are normal aging and:

Answer 7

prolonged exposure to ear-splitting noise.

Question 8

The sensory experience of bending one’s knees or raising one’s arms illustrates:

Answer 8

kinesthesia.

Question 9

What can be secreted by other members of the same species and serve as sexual attractants?

Answer 9

pheromones

Question 10

When Amanda arrived at the gym on Tuesday morning, she noticed the musty odor of the showers in the locker room. As she finished changing, she did not notice the smell. This is probably the result of:

Answer 10

sensory adaptation.

Question 11

Which of the following refers to the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensations?

Answer 11

perception

Question 12

The minute Erica walks into her mother-in-law’s house to visit, Erica is struck by the strong smell of her mother-in-law’s perfume. However, after about 10 minutes, Erica no longer notices the smell. This is probably the result of:

Answer 12

sensory adaptation.

Question 13

Our assumption that light comes from above contributes to:

Answer 13

light and shadow cues.

Question 14

Receptor cells for the vestibular sense send messages to the:

Answer 14

brain.

Question 15

These retinal receptors detect black, white, and gray.

Answer 15

rods

Question 16

_____ is the result of the transduction of air pressure waves into neural messages that are interpreted by the brain.

Answer 16

Audition

Question 17

Phantom limb sensations and other experiences of amputees show that the brain can produce pain in the absence of:

Answer 17

normal sensory input.

Question 18

Yohanna has had a cold for five days, and her nose is so blocked that she cannot smell anything. When she goes to drink her coffee, she realizes it has no taste. What is the MOST likely reason for this phenomenon?

Answer 18

To savor a taste, she may need to breathe the aroma through her nose.