psych ch1 Flashcards

1
Q

B. F. Skinner defines psychology as “the scientific study of _____.”

A

observable behavior

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2
Q

A focus on how humans encode, process, store, and retrieve information is MOST relevant to the _____ perspective.

A

cognitive

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3
Q

This perspective of psychology would be MOST likely to focus on understanding links between hormone levels and sexual motivation.

A

neuroscience

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4
Q

Danielle is sure that she aced last week’s cognitive psychology exam, but when she received her exam back, she actually did poorly on the exam. What did Danielle experience last week?

A

overconfidence

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5
Q

This tendency to make predictions about one’s life so self-assuredly is called:

A

overconfidence

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6
Q

It is important to remember that random coincidences are truly random and _____ correlated.

A

not

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7
Q

Martin has found a –0.75 correlation between time spent playing video games and psychology test scores. What does this mean?

A

There is an inverse relationship between playing video games and test scores.

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8
Q

With surveys, the _____ can have a substantial impact on the results.

A

wording of questions

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9
Q

If two traits accompany each other (that is, they vary together), then the two traits are said to:

A

correlate.

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10
Q

Which statement is NOT true regarding research with animals?

  • Animals do not benefit from psychological research.
    • Research animals are treated with humane care.
    • Researchers consider the health of animals.
    • Discomfort is minimized during animal research.
A

-Animals do not benefit from psychological research.

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11
Q

In which situation would it be acceptable to stress or deceive an experimental participant temporarily?

A

The researchers want to understand violent behavior, and they are concerned that full knowledge of the study will make the participants change their behavior during the experiment.

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12
Q

What is a main concern about psychology as a discipline?

A

It will be used to manipulate people.

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13
Q

Before Janice begins to read her psychology textbook, she scans the chapter headings and thinks about what she might know or not know about the topics. She even tries to answer the quizzes at the end of the sections. Based on the SQ3R method, what study technique is she using?

A

question

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14
Q

Becky studies for one hour several times a week for her psychology class. Peter prefers to wait until right before the exam and then studies all day. Who will MOST likely get a better grade?

A

Becky will get the better grade.

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15
Q

People who live happy, thriving lives do NOT:

A

avoid long-term goals.

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16
Q

Researchers can get the most complete picture of developmental processes by using:

A

hindsight bias

17
Q

Which of the following is also called the “I-knew-it-all-along” phenomenon?

A

overconfidence

18
Q

A sample of the population that gives each person an equal chance of participating is called a(n) _____ sample.

A

random

19
Q

The APA ethics code encourages researchers to explain the research to participants after they have completed the study. This practice is called:

A

debriefing.

20
Q

Which technique would NOT help you remember information?

  • quizzing yourself on your knowledge
    • relating the information to your own personal story
    • studying all night before the exam
    • critically reviewing the information in the textbook and forming questions
A

-studying all night before the exam