psyc ch7

Question 1

Jared has to make an important phone call. Unfortunately, his cell phone is not charged enough to use to make the call and he has to use his landline. In order to make the call, he must get the number from his cell phone and remember it long enough to dial on the landline phone. For this task, which memory system is MOST important?

Answer 1

working memory

Question 2

_____ is a newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information as well as information retrieved from long-term memory.

Answer 2

Working memory

Question 3

Jake has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. While he is quite forgetful, he is still able to recall events from his teenage and young adult years. His _____ memory is still intact.

Answer 3

long-term

Question 4

Knowing how to drive a car is an example of a(n) _____ memory.

Answer 4

implicit

Question 5

_____ aids can be used to help remember things such as speeches or lists of items. These aids often incorporate the use of vivid imagery and organizational devices.

Answer 5

Mnemonic

Question 6

_____ refers to a person’s brief sensory memory of auditory stimuli. This type of memory only lasts about three to four seconds before fading away.

Answer 6

Echoic memory

Question 7

Trevor has suffered hippocampal damage from a near-fatal bus crash. He is able to remember verbal information but has no ability to recall visual designs and locations. He probably has damaged his:

Answer 7

right frontal lobe.

Question 8

Six-year-old Francesca has no memory of a trip she took to the hospital when she was 2 years old. The rest of her family recalls what happened in vivid detail, but Francesca has no recollection of the event. Her inability to remember this event illustrates:

Answer 8

infantile amnesia.

Question 9

Some of a person’s memories for an emotionally significant moment or event are vividly clear. These are known as:

Answer 9

flashbulb memories.

Question 10

In the process of retrieving a specific memory from a web of associations, a person needs to activate one of the strands that leads to it. This process is known as:

Answer 10

priming.

Question 11

Professor Stevenson suggests that her students’ study for an exam in a room that has sound and lighting similar to their own classroom. She even suggests that they wear the same type of clothing while studying and while taking the exam. To increase their memory retention while studying, Professor Stevenson wants the students to consider:

Answer 11

the context in which learning occurred.

Question 12

One way to test memory is to check the speed of _____ for things that a person once learned but has since forgotten.

Answer 12

relearning

Question 13

This is a lasting physical change in the brain as a memory forms.

Answer 13

memory trace

Question 14

Which phrase BEST describes the typical forgetting curve?

Answer 14

a rapid initial decline in retention becoming stable thereafter

Question 15

In the case of H. M., removal of tissue in his hippocampus resulted in impaired ability to form new _____ memories.

Answer 15

explicit

Question 16

The surprising ease with which people form false memories BEST illustrates that encoding and retrieval involve:

Answer 16

memory construction.

Question 17

A police officer stops Thomas to ask him about an automobile accident he may have witnessed the previous day. Since Thomas was in the area at the time of the accident, the officer asks how fast the cars were going when they “smashed” into each other. Given the research findings of Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer, how might the officer’s wording effect Thomas’ recollection of the incident? He would be MORE likely to remember:

Answer 17

a more serious accident than if the officer had used other wording (for example, “hit” each other).

Question 18

Freddy met a woman in the library and immediately thought he knew her. He asked, “Have I met you before?” After replying “no,” she walked away, assuming he was trying to ask her out. Freddy could have experienced:

Answer 18

déjà vu.

Question 19

Henri and Beth each want to improve their performance on the next psychology test. Beth reviews the material for 30 minutes each day and then goes to bed early the night before the exam. Henri decides to devote the entire night before the exam to studying so that the material will be fresh. Who has used the most effective strategy?

Answer 19

Beth

Question 20

Which method does NOT improve your memory?

Answer 20

sleeping less

Question 21

Luca is trying to improve his retention of course information so that he can perform better on his exams. Which piece of advice would NOT be good?

Answer 21

“Avoid mnemonics.”