Psych Ch 1. Flashcards
Structuralism
Wundt and Titchener used INTROSPECTION to reveal the structure of the human mind
Functionalism
The mental and behavioral processes function how they enable the organism to adapt survive and flourish
James and influenced by Darwin
Behaviorism
The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) Studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most psychologist today agree with (1) but not (2)
Psychologist
Clinical psychologist studies assesses and treats trouble people with psycho therapy
Psychiatrists
Are medical professionals who use treatments like medications to treat psychology diseases patients
Nature
The biological make up in genes
Nurture
Experiences and environment
Biopsychosocial approach
And integrated approach that incorporates biological psychological social cultural levels of analysis
Neuroscience
The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory and language)
Evolutionary psychology
The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of natural selection.
Psychodynamic theories
View personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences
Counseling psychology
A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school work or marriage) and in achieving greater well being
Clinical psychology
Branch of psychology that studies asses and treats people with psychological disorders
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe after the learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it
Overconfidence
The tendency to be more confident than correct-to overestimate that accuracy of our beliefs and judgments
sometimes we think we know more than we actually know
Intuition
An effortless immediate automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit conscious reasoning
Theory
An explanation that organizes and predicts behavior or events
Hypothesis
A testable prediction often promoted by a theory to enable us to accept reject or revise the theory. Operational definitions make hypothesis testable
Operational definition
A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study
Replication
Repeating the essence of a research study usually with different participants in different situations to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced
Case study
A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope or revealing universal principles
Naturalistic observation
A descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
Survey
A technique for ascertaining the self reported attitudes, opinions, or behaviors of people usually done by questioning a representative random sample of people
Random assignment
Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by random assignments minimizes pre-existing differences between the two groups
Correlation
When one trait or behavior accompanies one answer we say the two correlate
Placebo effect
Experimental result caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition which the recipient
Independent variable
Is a factor manipulated by the experimenter. The effect of the independent variable is the focus of the study
Dependent variable
Is a factor that may change in response to an independent variable. In psychology it is usually a behavior or mental process
Informed consent
Giving potential participants enough information about a study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
