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Psy 101 > Ch 2. > Flashcards

Ch 2. Flashcards

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1
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell or a neuron consist of many different parts

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2
Q

Dendrites

A

Branching extensions at the cell body that receive messages from other neurons

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3
Q

Axon

A

Long single extension of a neuron

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4
Q

Action potential

A

Neural impulse is a brief electrical change that travels down an axon and is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axons membrane

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5
Q

Synapse

A

A junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

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6
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals released from the sending neuron that travel across the synapse and bind the receptor sites on the receiving neuron thereby influencing it to generate an action potential

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7
Q

Endorphins

A

Morphine within-natural opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure

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8
Q

Nervous system

A

Consists of all the nerve cells it is the bodies speedy electrochemical communication system

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9
Q

Central nervous system

CNS

A

The brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

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11
Q

Sensory

A

Carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS

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12
Q

Motor

A

Carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands

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13
Q

Interneurons

A

Connects the two neurons

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14
Q

Hormones

A

Are chemicals synthesized by endocrine glands that are secreted into the bloodstream hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body

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15
Q

Adrenal gland

A

A pair of endocrine searing glands that said above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress

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16
Q

Pituitary gland

A

The endocrine systems most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

the master gland

17
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

The division of the peripheral nervous system that Controls the body’s skeleton muscles also called the skeletal nervous system

18
Q

Automatic nervous system

A

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs(heart) its sympathetic division arouses: it’s parasympathetic division calms

19
Q

EEG

A

An amplified recording of the electrical waves sweeping across the brains surface measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

20
Q

MRI

A

Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of brain tissue

21
Q

PET

A

A visual display of brain activity that detects a radioactive isotope while the brain performs a given task

22
Q

FMRI

A

Scan of a brain while a research participant is lying about the cards being held

23
Q

Brain

A

The brain stem begins where the spinal cord swells and enters the skull. It is responsible for automatic survival functions

24
Q

Brainstem

A

Includes the medulla the reticular formation and the thalamus

25
Q

Medulla

A

The base of the brainstem controls heartbeat and breathing

26
Q

Thalamus

A

The brains sensory control center located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the medulla and cerebellum

27
Q

Cerebellum

A

The “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem functions include processing sensory input coordinating movement, output, and balance and enabling nonverbal learning and memory

28
Q

Limbic system

A

Natural system located below the cerebral hemispheres associated with emotions and drives

29
Q

Amygdala

A

Two Lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system linked to emotion

30
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland and is linked to emotion and reward

31
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information- processing center

32
Q

Frontal lobes

A

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

33
Q

Parietal loves

A

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; receives information from the visual fields

34
Q

Temporal lobes

A

Lying behind the ears. Receiving information primarily from the opposite ear

35
Q

Plasticity

A

Refers to the brains ability to modify itself after home types injury or Illness

36
Q

Divided

A

Our brain is divided in two hemispheres right and left

37
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Is a wide band of axon fibers that connects the two hemispheres

38
Q

Myelin sheath

A

A fatty tissue later segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next

39
Q

Glial cells

A

Cells in the nervous system that support nourism and protect neurons ; they also pay a role in learning thinking and memory

Psy 101 (3 decks)

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