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BLEPP 2024 > PSYCH ASSESSMENT > Flashcards

PSYCH ASSESSMENT Flashcards

1
Q

process of measuring psychology-related variables by means of devices or procedures designed to obtain a sample of behavior

A

Psychological Testing

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2
Q

gathering and integration of psychology-related data for the purpose of making psychological evaluation

A

Psychological Assessment

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3
Q

device or procedure designed to measure variables related to psychology

A

Psychological Test

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4
Q

the science of psychological measurement

A

Psychometrics

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5
Q

refer to professional who uses, analyzes, and interprets psychological data

A

Psychometrist or Psychometrician

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6
Q

assess what a person can do

A

Ability or Maximal Performance Test

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7
Q

measurement of the previous learning

A

Achievement Test

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8
Q

refers to the potential for learning or acquiring a specific skill

A

Aptitude

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9
Q

refers to a person’s general potential to solve problems, adapt to changing environments, abstract thinking, and profit from experience

A

Intelligence

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10
Q

considerable overlap of achievement, aptitude, and intelligence test

A

Human Ability

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11
Q

measure usual or habitual thoughts, feelings, and behavior

A

Typical Performance Test

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12
Q

measures individual dispositions and preferences

A

Personality Test

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13
Q

provide statement, usually self-report, and require the subject to choose between two or more alternative responses

A

Structured Personality tests

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14
Q

unstructured, and the stimulus or response are ambiguous.

A

Projective Personality Tests

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15
Q

elicit personal beliefs and opinions

A

Attitude Test

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16
Q

measures likes and dislikes as well as one’s personality orientation towards the world of work

A

Interest Inventories

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17
Q

the interest is the number of times a test taker can answer correctly in a specific period

A

Speed Tests

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18
Q

reflects the level of difficulty of items the test takers answer correctly

A

Power Tests

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19
Q

What are the other tests (mentioned on the reviewer)

A

Values Inventory
Trade Test
Neuropsychological Test
Norm-Referenced test
Criterion-Referenced Tests

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20
Q

method of gathering information through direct communication involving reciprocal exchange

A

Interview

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21
Q

This is when the questions are prepared

A

Standardized/Structured

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22
Q

pursue relevant ideas in depth

A

Non-standardized/Unstructured

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23
Q

It may probe further on specific number of questions

A

Semi-Standardized/Focused

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24
Q

subject is allowed to express his feelings without fear of disapproval

A

Non-directive

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25
Q

determines the mental status of the patient

A

Mental Status Examination

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26
Q

determine why the client came for assessment; chance to inform the client about the policies, fees, and process involved

A

Intake Interview

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27
Q

biographical sketch of the client

A

Social Case

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28
Q

determine whether the candidate is suitable for hiring

A

Employment Interview

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29
Q

more than one interviewer participates in the assessment

A

Panel Interview (Board Interview)

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30
Q

used by counselors and clinicians to gather information about some problematic behavior, while simultaneously attempting to address it therapeutically

A

Motivational Interview

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31
Q

samples of one’s ability and accomplishment

A

Portfolio

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32
Q

refers to records, transcripts, and other accounts in written, pictorial, or other form that preserve archival information, official and informal accounts, and other data and items relevant to an assessee

A

Case History Data

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33
Q

a report or illustrative account concerning a person or an event that was compiled on the basis of case history data

A

Case study

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34
Q

result of the varied forces that drive decision-makers to reach a consensus

A

Groupthink

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35
Q

monitoring of actions of others or oneself by visual or electronic means while recording quantitative and/or qualitative information regarding those actions

A

Behavioral Observation

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36
Q

observe humans in natural setting

A

Naturalistic Observation

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37
Q

Stimulus, Organismic Valuables, Actual Response, Consequence

A

SORC Model

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38
Q

defined as acting an improvised or partially improvised part in a stimulated situation

A

Role Play

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39
Q

assesses are directed to act as if they are in a particular situation

A

Role Play Test

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40
Q

What is the Psychological Assessment Process

A
  1. Determining the Referral Question
  2. Acquiring Knowledge relating to the content of the problem
  3. Data collection
  4. Data Interpretation
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41
Q

accurately predicts success or failure

A

HIT RATE

42
Q

narrative description, graph, table. Or other representations of the extent to which a person has demonstrated certain targeted characteristics as a result of the administration or application of tools of assessment

A

Profile

43
Q

an approach to evaluation characterized by the application of empirically demonstrated statistical rules as determining factor in assessors’ judgement and actions

A

Actuarial Assessment

44
Q

application of computer algorithms together with statistical rules and probabilities to generate findings and recommendations

A

Mechanical Prediction

45
Q

LEVELS OF INTERPRETATION

A

Level I – there is a minimal amount of any sort of interpretation

Level II
a. Descriptive Generalizations
b. Hypothetical Construct: the assumption of an inner state which goes logically beyond the description of visible behavior

**Level III **– the effort to develop a coherent and inclusive theory of the individual life or a “working image” of the patient

46
Q

observations made by an examiner regarding what the examinee does and how the examinee reacts during the course of testing that are indirectly related to the test’s specific content but of possible significance to interpretation

A

Extra-Test Behavior

47
Q

7 PARTIES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

A
  1. Test Author/Developer
  2. Test Publisher
  3. Test Reviewers
  4. Test Users
  5. Test Takers
  6. Test Sponsors
  7. Society
48
Q

Party that creates the tests or other methods of assessment

A

Test Author/Developer

49
Q

they publish, market, sell, and control the distribution of tests

A

Test Publisher

50
Q

Party that prepares evaluative critiques based on the technical and practical aspects of the tests

A

Test Reviewers

51
Q

Party that uses the test of assessment

A

Test Users

52
Q

those parties who take the tests

A

Test Takers

53
Q

institutions or government who contract test developers for various testing services

A

Test Sponsors

54
Q

7 Assumptions about Psychological Testing and Assessment

A

Assumption 1: Psychological Traits and States Exist

Assumption 2: Psychological Traits and States can be Quantified and Measured

Assumption 3: Test-Rlated Behavior Predicts Non-Test-Related Behavior

Assumption 4: Test and Other Measurement Techniques have strengths and weaknesses

Assumption 5: Various Sources of Error are part of the Assessment Process

Assumption 6: Testing and Assessment can be conducted in a Fair and Unbiased Manner

Assumption 7: Testing and Assessment Benefit Society

55
Q

any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another

A

Trait

56
Q

intelligence, specific intellectual abilities, cognitive style, adjustment, interests, attitudes, sexual orientation and preferences, psychopathology, etc.

A

Psychological Trait

57
Q

distinguish one person from another but are relatively less enduring

A

States

58
Q

Psychological Traits exists as _____________

A

construct

59
Q

an informed, scientific concept developed or constructed to **explain a behavior, inferred from overt behavior **

A

Construct

60
Q

an observable action or the product of an observable action

A

Overt Behavior

61
Q

Whether a trait manifests itself in observable behavior, and to what degree it manifests, is presumed to depend, not only on the strength of the trait in the individual, but also on the nature of the action

A

Situation-dependent

62
Q

Once the trait, state or other construct has been defined to be measured, a test developer consider the types of item content that would provide insight to it, to gauge the strength of that trait

A

Explanation: When making a test to measure something like a personality trait, you first decide what to measure and then create questions that help assess how strong that trait is in a person.

63
Q

assumption that the more the testtaker responds in a particular direction keyed by the test manual as correct or consistent with a particular trait, the higher that testtaker is presumed to be on the targeted ability or trait

A

Cumulative Scoring

64
Q

Measuring traits and states means of a test entails developing not only appropriate tests items but also appropriate ways to score the test and interpret the results

A

Explanation: Making a test involves not just writing questions but also determining how to score the test and understand what the scores mean about the person taking it.

65
Q

Competent test users understand and appreciate the limitations of the test they use as well as how those limitations might be compensated for by data from other sources

A

Explanation: People who use tests effectively know the test’s weaknesses and understand how to make up for them using information from other places.

66
Q

refers to something that is more than expected; it is component of the measurement process

A

Error

67
Q

Refers to a long-standing assumption that factors other than what a test attempts to measure will influence performance on the test

A

Error

68
Q

the component of a test score attributable to sources other than the trait or ability measured

A

Error Variance

69
Q

What are the 3 Potential Sources of error variance

A
  1. Assessors
  2. Measuring Instruments
  3. Random errors such as luck
70
Q

each testtaker has true score on a test that would be obtained but for the action of measurement error

A

Classical Test Theory

71
Q

Considering the many critical decisions that are based on testing and assessment procedures, we can readily appreciate the need for tests

A

In important decisions that rely on testing and assessments, we understand why tests are necessary.

72
Q

dependability or CONSISTENCY of the instrument or scores obtained by the same person when re-examined with the same test on different occasions, or with different sets of equivalent items

A

Reliability

73
Q

……….. number of items = …………. reliability

A

More, Higher

74
Q

The True score can be found. True or False?

A

False (True score cannot be found)

75
Q

index of reliability, a proportion that indicates the ratio between the true score variance on a test and the total variance

A

Reliability Coefficient

76
Q

score on an ability tests is presumed to reflect not only the testtaker’s true score on the ability being measured but also the error

A

Classical Test Theory (True Score Theory)

77
Q

refers to the component of the observed test score that does not have to do with the testtaker’s ability

A

Error

78
Q

True or False:

Errors of measurement are random.

A

True

79
Q

True Score Formula

A

X=T+E

80
Q

True or False

When you average all the observed scores obtained over a period of time, then the result would be farthest to the true score

A

False (Should be closest to the true score)

81
Q

The ……….. number of items, the ………. the reliability

A

Greater, Higher

82
Q

Factors the contribute to consistency: ………….

A

stable attributes

83
Q

Factors that contribute to inconsistency:

A

characteristics of the individual, test, or situation, which have nothing to do with the attribute being measured, but still affect the scores

84
Q

Goals of Reliability

A
  1. Estimate errors
  2. Devise techniques to improve testing and reduce errors
85
Q

useful in describing sources of test score variability

A

Variance

86
Q

variance from true differences

A

True Variance

87
Q

variance from irrelevant random sources

A

Error Variance

88
Q

all of the factors associated with the process of measuring some variable, other than the variable being measured

A

Measurement Error

89
Q

Positive: can ………… one’s score
Negative: can ………… one’s score

A

increase, decrease

90
Q

3 Sources of Error Variance

A
  1. Item Sampling/Content Sampling
  2. Test Administration
  3. Test Scoring and Interpretation
91
Q

A source of Error variance that refers to variation among items within a test as well as to variation among items between tests

A

Item Sampling/Content Sampling

92
Q

True or False

The extent to which testtaker’s score is affected by the content sampled on a test and by the way the content is sampled is a source of error variance

A

TRUE.
Explanation:
The error variance in a test score happens when the score is influenced by the specific topics on the test and how those topics are presented.

93
Q

testtaker’s motivation or attention, environment, etc.

A

Test Administration

94
Q

may employ objective-type items amenable to computer scoring of well-documented reliability

A

Test Scoring and Interpretation

95
Q

source of error in measuring a targeted variable caused by unpredictable fluctuations and inconsistencies of other variables in measurement process (e.g., noise, temperature, weather)

A

Random Error

96
Q

source of error in a measuring a variable that is typically constant or proportionate to what is presumed to be the true values of the variable being measured

A

Systematic Error

97
Q

True or False

Systematic Error has consistent effect on the true score

A

True

98
Q

It refers to the proportion of total variance attributed to true variance

A

Reliability

99
Q

The …………. the proportion of the total variance attributed to true variance, the ………….. the test

A

greater, more reliable

100
Q

True or False

Error variance may increase or decrease a test score by varying amounts, consistency of test score, and thus, the reliability can be affected

A

TRUE.
Explanation: Errors in measurement can cause a test score to go up or down by different amounts, making the test score less consistent and less reliable.

101
Q

TRUE SCORE FORMULA

A

True Score = Rxx (x-xbar)+xbar

BLEPP 2024 (5 decks)

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