Psych Flashcards
Physical symptoms of anxiety?
Palpitations Sweating Butterflies (splanchnic vasoconstriction) Tremor Paraesthesia Depersonalisation Syncope
Give examples of obsessions relating to OCD
Ego-dystonic thoughts
Repetitive ruminations
Can be buzzard or delusional
Resistance → anxiety
Explain the compulsions associated with ocd? + examples
Response to obsessional thoughts
Rituilisitc precise
Eg. Hand washing , counting , symmetry
Start again if interrupted
Give some classifications of anxiety (7)
Generalised anxiety disorder Panic disorder Agoraphobia Simple phobia Social phobia OCD PTSD
When is anxiety classified as a disorder?
When it is excessive, impacts on life or out of context
Give 2 examples of management for anxiety
CBT course
Clomipramine
What is the most common cause of mental illness?
Anxiety
3 core features of depression?
Low mood / sadness
Loss of energy (anergia)
Loss of enjoyment (anhedonia)
Physical symptoms of depression?
Appetite and weight loss Diurnal mood changes Poor sleep Libido loss Constipation Slow or agitated
Psychological symptoms of depression?
Poor concentration Feeling guilty or hopeless Low self esteem Indecisive Suicidal Delusional
3 types of treatment for depression and examples?
Medication - antidepressants
Psychological - CBT 12 sessions
Social - exercise , company
Symptoms of mania?
Elated, over energised , grandiose Irritable, little need for sleep Poor concern and judgment Over spending Rapid speech
Symptoms of schizophrenia?
Hallucinations Delusions Abnormal behaviour - mumbling, unkempt , self neglect , etc Disorganise speech Emotion disturbance - eg apathy
Describe what a delusion is
Fixed false belief that is firmly held even with evidence to the contrary
What is formal thought disorder and what is it associated with?
Failing to follow semantic and syntactic rules of language
Schizophrenia
Name 4 types of treatments for schizophrenia
Antipsychotics
Psychological therapies
Family therapy
Arts therapies
Describe what compulsion is?
Overwhelming urges to repeat behaviours even knowing they are harmful
Explain when and why anxiety and depression are normal responses?
Factors such as genetics and environment (eg,threats) can trigger these states so that appropriate response are brought about (eg. escaping threat or recuperating from stress)
Give examples of distress reducing behaviour
Self harm
Substance use
Disorder per eating
Compulsive rituals
Explain the negative reinforcement of distress reducing behaviours
They cause only temporary relief and then the urge comes again so the action is repeated in order to get this relief
4 factors involved in addiction?
Repeated negative reinforcement
Persistent states of distress
Social context
Direct action on neural circuits
What disorders are associated with negative reinforcement?
Self harm
Addiction
OCD
Eating disorders
Explain psychosis
Hallucination and delusions
Pathologies which disrupt process of perceiving and interpreting reality
What can be seen in PET to possibly indicate schizophrenia?
Striatal dopamine , often in response to stress
Cause of schizophrenia?
Polygenic, epigenetic
Genes for D2, neurpdevelolmemt and inflammations
5 causes of psychosis?
Genetics Developmental adversity/ abuse Neurodevelopmemtal Life stressors Recreational drugs
3 types of treatments and examples for psychosis?
Antipsychotics - eg antidopaminergic
Psychological- CBT, avatar therapy
Social - supportive environments structures and routines
