psych 7.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Amnesia

A

a profound loss of at least one form of memory

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2
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

the inability to form new memories for events occurring after a brain injury

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3
Q

attention

A

selects which information will be passed on to STM (short term memory)

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4
Q

central executive

A

the control centre of working memory; it coordinates attention and the exchange of information among the three storage components

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5
Q

chunking

A

organizing smaller units of info it larger, more meaningful units

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6
Q

consolidation

A
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7
Q

control process

A

shift info from one memory store to another

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8
Q

cross-cortical storage

A

a phenomenon in which long-term declarative memories are distributed throughout the cortex of the brain, rather than being localized in one region

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9
Q

declarative (explicit) memory

A

memories that we are consciously aware of and that can be verbalized, including facts about the world and one’s own personal experiences

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10
Q

echoic memory

A

the auditory form of sensory memory

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11
Q

encoding

A

the process of storing info in the LTM system

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12
Q

episodic buffer

A

a storage component of working memory that combines the images and sounds from the other two components into coherent, story-like episodes

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13
Q

episodic memory

A
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14
Q

feature binding

A

the process of combining visual features into a single unit

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15
Q

iconic memory

A
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16
Q

long-term memory (LTM)

A

holds information for extended periods of time, if not permanently

17
Q

long-term potentiation (LTP)

A

long-term potentiation (LTP)

18
Q

memory

A

collection of several systems that store information in differing amounts of timme

19
Q

nondeclarative (implicit) memories

A

include actions or behaviours that you can remember and perform without awareness

20
Q

phonological loop

A

a storage component of working memory that relies on rehearsal and that stories info as sounds, or an auditory code

21
Q

proactive interference

A

a process in which the first info learned (e.g., in a list of words) occupies memory, leaving fewer resources to remember the newer info

22
Q

procedure memory

A

patterns of muscle movements (motor memory)

23
Q

reconsolidation

A
24
Q

Rehearsal

A

repeating info until you do not need to remember it anymore

25
Q

retrieval

A

brings info from LTM back into STM

26
Q

retroactive interference

A

the most recently learned info overshadows some older memories that have not yet made it into long-term memory

27
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

a condition in which memory for the events preceding trauma or injury is lost

28
Q

semantic memories

A

declarative memories that include facts about the world

29
Q

sensory memory

A

declarative memories that include facts about the world

30
Q

serial position effect

A

in general, most people will recall the first few items, but only an item or two from the middle

31
Q

shoer-term memory (STM)

A

a memory store with limited capacity and duration (approximately 30 seconds)

32
Q

storage

A

the time and manner in which information is retained between encoding and retrieval

33
Q

stores

A

retain information in memory without using it for any specific purpose

34
Q

tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon

A

when you are able to retrieve similar sounding words or words that start with the same letter but can’t quite retrieve the word you actually want

35
Q

visuospatial sketchpad

A

a storage component of working memory that maintains visual images and spatial layouts in a visuospatial code

36
Q

word-length effect

A

people remember more one-syllable words than four-or five-syllable words in short-term memory task

37
Q

working memory

A

a model of short-term remembering that includes a combination of memory components that can temporarily store small amounts of info for a short period of time